کاربرد MRI در تشخیص تومور ها Application of MRI for the Diagnosis of Neoplasms

1. Introduction Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) can generate mass amounts of data within a narrow time frame. Furthermore, it is safer than and not as invasive as other imaging techniques [1]. The most popular areas for examination have been the spine and head, over the last ten years. In fact, more than half of the MRI scans have been concentrated on these areas of the body [2]. Disorders of the central nervous system, backbone, and spine have been commonly analyzed with this technique, as well as cardiovascular system diseases and disorders of the extremities [3, 4]. At emergency departments, scans are performed for head diagnostics in nearly half of all cases [5]. The literature points to the main advantages of MRI imaging techniques being related to scans of the head and neck, the chest and breast areas, the abdomen and pelvis, and the musculoskeletal system. This technique has been used in prenatal diagnostics as well [6]. MRI shows more anatomic details of the nervous system and then other techniques such as computed tomography (CT), which is especially important in discovering neoplasms of the central nervous system. This technique is particularly useful in diagnoses of the cerebellopontine angle, for diagnosing vestibulocochlear nerve tumours, as well as investigating other lesions localized in the posterior cranial fossa [7]. According to statistical data regarding the main health problems in Poland, cardiovascular diseases are the first cause of death, and cancers are the second cause of death. In the category of malignant neoplasms, the most frequently occurring were observed cancerof the lung (C34), stomach (C16), large intestine (C18, C20, C19, and C21), pancreas (C25), urinary bladder (C67), larynx (C32), prostatic gland (C61) in males, and uterus (C54, C53) or mammary gland (C50) in females [8–10]. Cancer is a worldwide health problem. Among member countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), cancers are the second leading cause of death. There are more than 100 different types of cancers and the risk of developing many of them increases with age. Generally in OECD countries, the cancer incidence was higher for men than for women. The statistics of cancer incidence indicate that the five most common cancers in males are the prostate, lung and bronchus, colon and rectum, urinary bladder, and melanoma of the skin, whereas the most common cancers in females are found to be in the breast, lung, and bronchus, colon and rectum, and uterine corpus or in the thyroid gland [11, 12]. The aim of the present study was to determine the most commonly diagnosed neoplasms in the MRI scanned patient population and indicate correlations based on the descriptive variables.