Anesthesiology

fat in long bone and pelvic fractures, 1671 orthopedic surgery and, 1551t, 1551–1552 pulmonary air embolism and, 1114 capnography in, 587, 587f postoperative, 1704–1705 preoperative assessment and management of, 54–55 thromboembolism complication of pulmonary artery catheter, 530 preoperative assessment and management in, 54–55 trauma patient and, 1665 Embolization of arteriovenous malformation, 1655 Embryo transfer, 1477 Emergence delirium, 1695 child and, 1533 Emergence from anesthesia obese patient and, 390–391, 391f in sitting position infratentorial craniectomy, 1113–1114 in subarachnoid hemorrhage surgery, 1118 Emergency Care Research Institute, 490 Emergency medical technician, 1788 Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Law, 1818 Emergency surgery, 1660–1673 abdominal compartment syndrome and, 1672 in airway trauma, 1671 damage control surgery in, 1668–1669 in head trauma, 1669 legal issues in, 2130 in long bone and pelvic fractures, 1671–1672 neonatal, 1502–1519 airway management in, 1509f, 1509–1510, 1510f anesthetic pharmacology and, 1502–1504, 1503t in congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 1510–1512 in esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula, 1513–1515, 1514f fentanyl in, 1504–1505 fluid management in, 1508–1509 inhalational agents in, 1504, 1504t in intestinal obstruction and necrotizing enterocolitis, 1512–1513 ketamine, general anesthetics, sedatives and, 1506 local anesthetics in, 1506 in meningomyelocele, 1515, 1515f monitoring in, 1506–1508, 1507f muscle relaxants in, 1505–1506 in omphalocele and gastroschisis, 1512, 1513f in patent ductus artAmerican National Standards Institute and, 490 Association for Advancement of Medical Instrumentation and, 490 ASTM International and, 490 circuits and, 478, 478f, 479f direct current and, 476–477, 477f Emergency Care Research Institute and, 490 Food and Drug Administration and, 489 ground fault circuit interrupters and, 480–481 hazards of electrical distribution systems and equipment and, 485–487 interference and, 482 international standards in, 490 isolated power and, 480, 480f, 481f isolation amplifiers and, 481–482 Joint Commission on Accreditation of Health Care Organizations and, 488–489 leakage current and, 479–480 National Fire Protection Association and, 487–488, 488t Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratories and, 489–490 patient hazards and, 482–484f, 482–485 safe use of equipment and, 491–493 semiconductors and, 478–479, 479f technology management and, 493, 493f, 494b Underwriters Laboratories and, 489–490 errors and failures of, 29 for liver transplantation, 1359, 1359f for neuraxial anesthesia, 981–982, 982f in nonoperating room procedures, 1650 for patient transport, 1816, 1816t, 1818 for pediatric anesthesia, 1522 prevention of adverse events and, 1055f, 1055– 1057, 1056t, 1057f testing for leaks in anesthesia machine and, 811–818 Datex-Ohmeda: outlet check valve present and, 815–817f, 816–817 Datex-Ohmeda Modulus II and, 817–818 Dräger Narkomed: no outlet check valve and, 815f, 815–816 FDA checkout recommendations and, 813b in trauma bay, 1789f waste gas scavenging systems and, 810–811, 811f, 812f Erdmann, Adolph Frederick, 1, 5, 5f Erectile dysfunction in diabetic patient, 189 Ergonovine, 1483, 1483t Ergotamine for migraine, 2037 Erosive gastritis, 1323 Error, defined, 21 Ertapenem, 2195t Erythritol tetranitrate, 928t Erythromelalgia, 2017 Erythromycin, 2195t Erythropoiesis, 240, 240f, 243 Erythropoietin, 315 Escharotomy, chest wall compliance in burn injury and, 1778 Escherichia coli in nosocomial infection, 286t in urinary tract infection, 292 Escitalopram, 2050t E-sens, 1855, 1856f Esidrix (hydrochlorothiazide), 920t Esmolol, 930t, 931, 2190t cerebral blood flow and, 1100 before coronary artery bypass graft, 1150 perioperative use of, 110t, 111t Esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula, 1513–1515, 1514f Esophageal Doppler, 536b, 536–537, 537f, 678 Esophageal manometry, 1320f Esophageal pressure, 591–592, 592f Esophageal stethoscope, 1506–1507 Esophageal variceal bleeding, 1328 in cirrhosis, 1340 minimally invasive surgery for, 1370 Esophageal-tracheal airway, 698, 698f Esophagectomy, 1249f, 1249–1251, 1250t blunt, 1322, 1323f Ivor-Lewis/McKeown-type, 1322, 1322f Esophagogastrectomy, 1249f, 1249–1251, 1250t Esophagogastroduodenoscopy, 1328 Esophagoscopy, 1247–1248, 1248t, 1591 Esophagus, 1314–1315, 1319–1322 atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula of, 1513–1515, 1514f cancer of, 1217f, 1248–1251, 1249f, 1250t medical and surgical concerns of, 1319–1322, 1320b, 1320f, 1320t, 1321b, 1321f surgical procedures of, 1247b, 1247–1251, 1248t, 1249f, 1250t, 1322, 1322f, 1323f Esterase-metabolized benzodiazepine, 866, 866f Estimated blood volume of child, 315 Etanercept, 2025 Ethacrynic acid (Edecrin), 919, 920t, 2191t Ethanol abuse, 403–409 Ethers, 741f Ethical issues, 2131–2132 Ethyl violet, 796 Ethylene oxide, 491 Etidocaine (Duranest), 971 cardiotoxicity of, 968, 968f clinical manifestations of potency, 960–961, 961f differential sensory/motor block and, 962, 963f disposition kinetics of, 958t dissociation constant of, 961t peak blood concentration in regional anesthesia, 1058f Etidronate, 178 Etodolac (Lodine), 1723t, 2064t Etomidate, 859–860, 2186t anaphylactic reaction to, 1953t cardiovascular effects of, 853t in carotid endarterectomy, 1296 central nervous system effects of, 852t cerebral blood flow and, 1094 cerebral neuroprotection and, 1104 chemical structure of, 851f context-sensitive half-times for, 825f, 1633t effect on pathophysiology of congenital heart disease, 1199 hepatic extraction ratio for, 855t induction characteristics of, 856t intraocular pressure and, 1562t in pediatric surgery, 1525t pharmacokinetics of, 855t, 900t physicochemical properties of, 852t