Flow-induced vibrations : classifications and lessons from practical experiences 1st ed

Contents Preface ix Foreword xi List of Figures xiii List of Tables xxi List of Contributors xxiii Nomenclature xxv Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1 General overview 1 1.1.1 History of FIV research 1 1.1.2 Origin of this book 3 1.2 Modeling approaches 4 1.2.1 The importance of modeling 4 1.2.2 Classification of FIV and modeling 6 1.2.3 Modeling procedure 7 1.2.4 Analytical approach 11 1.2.5 Experimental approach 13 1.3 Fundamental mechanisms of FIV 15 1.3.1 Self-induced oscillation mechanisms 16 1.3.2 Forced vibration and added mass and damping 22 Chapter 2 Vibration Induced by Cross-Flow 29 2.1 Single circular cylinder 29 2.1.1 Structures under evaluation 29 2.1.2 Vibration mechanisms and historical review 29 2.1.3 Evaluation methods 36 2.1.4 Examples of component failures due to vortex-induced vibration 42 2.2 Two circular cylinders in cross-flow 44 2.2.1 Outline of structures of interest 44 2.2.2 Historical background 44 2.2.3 Evaluation methodology 50 2.2.4 Examples of practical problems 53 2.3 Multiple circular cylinders 54 2.3.1 Outline of targeted structures 54 2.3.2 Vibration evaluation history 54 2.3.3 Estimation method 57 2.3.4 Examples of component failures 66 v 2.4 Bodies of rectangular and other cross-section shapes 66 2.4.1 General description of cross-section shapes 67 2.4.2 FIV of rectangular-cross-section structures and historical review 68 2.4.3 Evaluation methods 71 2.4.4 Example of structural failures and suggestions for countermeasures 80 2.5 Acoustic resonance in tube bundles 81 2.5.1 Relevant industrial products and brief description of the phenomenon 81 2.5.2 Historical background 83 2.5.3 Resonance prediction method at the design stage 89 2.5.4 Examples of acoustic resonance problems and hints for anti-resonance design 95 2.6 Prevention of FIV 97 Chapter 3 Vibration Induced by External Axial Flow 107 3.1 Single cylinder/multiple cylinders 107 3.1.1 Summary of objectives 107 3.1.2 Random vibration due to flow turbulence 107 3.1.3 Flutter and divergence 117 3.1.4 Examples of reported component-vibration problems and hints for countermeasures 119 3.2 Vibration of elastic plates and shells 120 3.2.1 Bending–torsion flutter 120 3.2.2 Panel flutter 123 3.2.3 Shell flutter 124 3.2.4 Turbulence-induced vibration 126 3.2.5 Hints for countermeasures 127 3.3 Vibration induced by leakage flow 128 3.3.1 General description of the problem 128 3.3.2 Evaluation method for single-degree-of-freedom translational system 129 3.3.3 Analysis method for single-degree-of-freedom translational system with leakage-flow passage of arbitrary shape 132 3.3.4 Mechanism of self-excited vibration 134 3.3.5 Self-excited vibrations in other cases 137 3.3.6 Hints for countermeasures 140 3.3.7 Examples of leakage-flow-induced vibration 142 Chapter 4 Vibrations Induced by Internal Fluid Flow 145 4.1 Vibration of straight and curved pipes conveying fluid 145 4.1.1 Vibration of pipes conveying fluid 145 4.1.2 Vibration of pipes excited by oscillating and two-phase fluid flow 152 4.1.3 Piping vibration caused by gas–liquid two-phase flow 155 4.2 Vibration related to bellows 160 4.2.1 Vibration of bellows 160 4.2.2 Hints for countermeasures and examples of flow-induced vibrations 169 vi Contents 4.3 Collapsible tubes 171 4.3.1 Summary 171 4.3.2 Self-excited vibration of collapsible tubes 171 4.3.3 Key to prevention 173 Chapter 5 Vibration Induced by Pressure Waves in Piping 177 5.1 Pressure pulsation in piping caused by compressors 177 5.1.1 Summary 177 5.1.2 Explanation of the phenomenon, and the history of research/evaluation 178 5.1.3 Calculation and evaluation methods 179 5.1.4 Hints for countermeasures 187 5.1.5 Case studies 190 5.2 Pressure pulsations in piping caused by pumps and hydraulic turbines 194 5.2.1 Outline 194 5.2.2 Explanation of phenomena 195 5.2.3 Vibration problems and suggested solutions 206 5.3 Pressure surge or water hammer in piping system 209 5.3.1 Water hammer 209 5.3.2 Synopsis of investigation 209 5.3.3 Solution methods 210 5.3.4 Countermeasures 213 5.3.5 Examples of component failures 213 5.4 Valve-related vibration 217 5.4.1 Valve vibration 217 5.4.2 Coupled vibrations between valve and fluid in the piping 219 5.4.3 Problem cases 226 5.4.4 Hints for countermeasures against valve vibration 229 5.5 Self-excited acoustic noise due to flow separation 231 5.5.1 Summary 231 5.5.2 Outline of excitation mechanisms 232 5.5.3 Case studies and hints for countermeasures 238 Chapter 6 Acoustic Vibration and Noise Caused by Heat 247 6.1 Acoustic vibration and noise caused by combustion 247 6.1.1 Introduction 247 6.1.2 Combustion driven oscillations 248 6.1.3 Combustion roar 259 6.2 Oscillations due to steam condensation 262 6.2.1 Introduction 262 6.2.2 Characteristics and prevention 263 6.2.3 Examples of practical problems 263 Contents vii 6.3 Flow induced vibrations related to boiling 266 6.3.1 Introduction/background 266 6.3.2 Vibration mechanisms 266 6.3.3 Analytical approach 266 6.3.4 Vibration/oscillation problems and solutions 271 Index 279