Beer in health and disease prevention

CONTENTS List of Contributors xv Preface xxiii Foreword xxv Part I General Aspects of Beer and Constituents 1 (i) Beer Making, Hops and Yeast 1 1. Overview of Manufacturing Beer: Ingredients, Processes, and Quality Criteria 3 Sascha Wunderlich and Werner Back 2. Non-lager Beer 17 Andrea Pavsler and Stefano Buiatti 3. Lager Beer 31 Andrea Pavsler and Stefano Buiatti 4. Traditional and Modern Japanese Beers: Methods of Production and Composition 45 Masato Kawasaki and Shuso Sakuma 5. Sorghum Beer: Production, Nutritional Value and Impact upon Human Health 53 Maoura Nanadoum and Jacques Pourquie 6. Production of Alcohol-Free Beer 61 Luigi Montanari, Ombretta Marconi, Heidi Mayer and Paolo Fantozzi 7. Yeast Diversity in the Brewing Industry 77 Linda Hellborg and Jure Pis  kur 8. The Brewer ’ s Yeast Genome: From Its Origins to Our Current Knowledge 89 Sandra Rainieri 9. Flocculation in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae 103 Eduardo V. Soares 10. Use of Amylolytic Enzymes in Brewing 113 N.P. Guerra, A. Torrado-Agrasar, C. López-Macías, E. Martínez-Carballo, S. García-Falcón, J. Simal-Gándara and L.M. Pastrana-Castro (ii) Beer Drinking 127 11. Trends of Beer Drinking in Europe 129 Pedro Marques-Vidal 12. Trends of Beer Drinking: Rest of the World 141 Qiao Qiao Chen and Pedro Marques-Vidal 13. Beer Consumption Patterns in Northern Ireland 153 Adele Mc Kinney 14. Beer Consumption in Teenagers in Brazzaville (Congo) 165 Jean Robert Mabiala Babela, Alphonse Massamba, Senga Prosper and Rajaventhan Srirajaskanthan 15. Personality Characteristics Associated with Drinking and Beverage Preference 171 Colin R. Martin 16. Beer and Current Mood State 177 Ralf Demmel and Jennifer Nicolai 17. Female Beer Drinking and the Morning After 181 L. Darren Kruisselbrink and René J.L. Murphy 18. Beer Consumption During Pregnancy 193 Brittany B. Rayburn and William F. Rayburn 19. Beer and Other Alcoholic Beverages: Implications for Dependence, Craving and Relapse 201 Thomas Hillemacher and Stefan Bleich (iii) Beer Composition and Properties 211 20. Beer Composition: An Overview 213 Stefano Buiatti 21. Identifi cation of Taste- and Aroma-Active Components of Beer 227 Paul Hughes 22. Hop Essential Oil: Analysis, Chemical Composition and Odor Characteristics 239 Graham Eyres and Jean-Pierre Dufour† 23. Ethanol Content of Beer Sold in the United States: Variation Over Time, Across States and by Individual Drinks 255 William C. Kerr 24. Soluble Proteins of Beer 265 Marion Didier and Bakan Bénédicte 25. Amino Acids in Beer 273 Marta Fontana and Stefano Buiatti 26. Purines in Beer 285 Tetsuya Yamamoto and Yuji Moriwaki 27. Beer Carbohydrates 291 Isabel M.P.L.V.O. Ferreira 28. Dietary Fiber in Beer : Content, Composition, Colonic Fermentability, and Contribution to the Diet 299 I. Goñi, M.E. Díaz-Rubio and F. Saura-Calixto 29. Beer and Arabinoxylan 309 Glen P. Fox 30. Histamine in Beer 317 Susanne Diel, Maria Herwald, Hannelore Borck and Friedhelm Diel 31. Terpenoids in Beer 327 J. Richard Dickinson 32. Proanthocyanidins in Hops 333 Hui-Jing Li and Max L. Deinzer 33. Metals in Beer 349 Pawel Pohl 34. Minerals in Beer 359 Luigi Montanari, Heidi Mayer, Ombretta Marconi and Paolo Fantozzi 35. Silicon in Beer: Origin and Concentration 367 Caroline Walker, Gary Freeman, Ravin Jugdaohsingh and Jonathan J. Powell (iv) Beer Stability and Spoilage 373 36. The Chemistry of Aging Beer 375 D.P. De Schutter, D. Saison, F. Delvaux, G. Derdelinckx and F.R. Delvaux 37. Trans -2-nonenal During Model Mashing 389 José da Cruz Francisco and Estera Szwajcer Dey 38. E -2-nonenal and  -Damascenone in Beer 395 José Rodrigues and Paulo Almeida 39. Pathogens in Beer 403 Garry Menz, Peter Aldred and Frank Vriesekoop 40. Fate of Pesticide Residues During Brewing 415 Simón Navarro and Nuria Vela Part II General Effects on Metabolism and Body Systems 429 (i) General Metabolism and Organ Systems 429 41. Ethanol in Beer: Production, Absorption and Metabolism 431 Rajkumar Rajendram and Victor R. Preedy 42. What Contribution Is Beer to the Intake of Antioxidants in Diet? 441 Fulgencio Saura-Calixto, José Serrano and Jara Pérez-Jiménez 43. Antioxidant Activity of Beer ’ s Maillard Reaction Products: Features and Health Aspects 449 Franco Tubaro 44. Beer Affects Oxidative Stress Due to Ethanol: A Preclinical and Clinical Study 459 Giovanni Addolorato, Lorenzo Leggio, Anna Ferrulli, Giovanni Gasbarrini, Antonio Gasbarrini and Alcohol Related Diseases Study Group 45. Antioxidant Capacity of Hops 467 C. Proestos and M. Komaitis 46. The Antioxidant Capacity of Beer: Relationships Between Assays of Antioxidant Capacity, Color and Other Alcoholic and Non-alcoholic Beverages 475 Justin A. Fegredo, Rachel Meynell, Alan K.H. Lai, Max C.Y. Wong, Colin R. Martin, Helen Wiseman and Victor R. Preedy 47. Biological Properties of Beer and Its Components Compared to Wine 483 Giuseppe Iacomino, Idolo Tedesco and Gian Luigi Russo 48. The Absorption and Metabolism of Phenolic Acids from Beer in Man 491 Mirella Nardini, Fausta Natella, Andrea Ghiselli and Cristina Scaccini 49. Caloric Compensation in Response to Beer Consumption 499 Neil E. Rowland 50. Beer and Adiposity 505 S. Goya Wannamethee 51. Relationship Between Exercise and Beer Ingestion in Regard to Metabolism 513 Tetsuya Yamamoto 52. Estrogenicity of Beer: The Role of Intestinal Bacteria in the Activation of the Beer Flavonoid Isoxanthohumol 523 Sam Possemiers, Willy Verstraete and Tom Van de Wiele 53. Effects of Beer Ingestion on Body Purine Bases 541 Yuji Moriwaki and Tetsuya Yamamoto 54. Neuropharmacological Activity of Humulus Lupulus L. 549 Paola Zanoli and Manuela Zavatti 55. Beer: Effects on Saliva Secretion and Composition 557 H.S. Brand, M.L. Bruins, E.C.I. Veerman and A.V. Nieuw Amerongen 56. Beer and Celiac Disease 561 Glen P. Fox 57. The Effect of Beer and Other Alcoholic Beverages on the Esophagus with Special Reference to Gastroesophageal Refl ux 567 H. Seidl and C. Pehl 58. Effects of Beer on the Gastric Mucosa as Determined by Endoscopy 577 Andreas Franke and Manfred V. Singer 59. The Effect of Beer and Its Non-alcoholic Ingredients on Secretory and Motoric Function of the Stomach 581 Andreas Franke and Manfred V. Singer 60. The Effect of Beer and Its Non-alcoholic Constituents on the Exocrine and Endocrine Pancreas as Well as on Gastrointestinal Hormones 587 Peter Feick, Andreas Gerloff and Manfred V. Singer 61. Beer and the Liver Rajaventhan Srirajaskanthan and Victor R. Preedy