Handbook of biomedical nonlinear optical microscopy

HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF NONLINEAR OPTICAL MICROSCOPY AND SPECTROSCOPY 1 1 The Genesis of Nonlinear Microscopies and Their Impact on Modern Developments 5 2 The Scientific Life of Maria Göppert-Mayer 30 3 The History of Perturbation Theory from Astronomy to Quantum Mechanics 36 4 English Translations of and Translator’s Notes on Maria Göppert-Mayer’s Theory of Two-Quantum Processes∗ 42 PART II. NONLINEAR OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY 85 5 Classical and Quantum Theory of One-Photon and Multiphoton Fluorescence Spectroscopy 91 6 Second- and Higher-Order Harmonic Generation 153 7 Theory of Spontaneous and Coherent Raman Scattering 164 PART III. NONLINEAR OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS FOR MICROSCOPIC IMAGING AND ANALYSIS 187 8 Laser Sources for Nonlinear Microscopy 191 9 Ultrashort Optical Pulse Delivery for Nonlinear Optical Microscopy 217 10 An Optical Design Primer for Nonlinear Optical Microscopes 244 11 Image Formation in Multiphoton Fluorescence Microscopy∗ 266 12 Signal Detection and Processing in Nonlinear Optical Microscopes 283 13 Multiphoton Excitation of Fluorescent Probes 311 14 Multiphoton-Induced Cell Damage 334 15 Applications of Second-Harmonic Generation Microscopy 348 16 Second-Harmonic Generation Imaging Microscopy of Structural Protein Arrays in Tissue 377 xiv CONTENTS 17 Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS) Microscopy: Instrumentation and Applications 412 18 High-Speed Imaging Using Multiphoton Excitation Microscopy 435 19 Nonlinear Multispectral Optical Imaging Microscopy: Concepts, Instrumentation, and Applications 461 20 Multiphoton Polarization Microscopy 484 21 Lifetime-Resolved Imaging in Nonlinear Microscopy 499 22 Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) 557 23 Two-Photon Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) Microscopy 599 24 Diffraction Unlimited Far-Field Fluorescence Microscopy 616 25 Two-Photon Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy 644 26 Photobleaching and Recovery with Nonlinear Microscopy 673 27 Femtosecond Laser Nanoprocessing 689 PART IV. BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS OF NONLINEAR OPTICAL MICROSCOPY 707 28 Pioneering Applications of Two-Photon Microscopy to Mammalian Neurophysiology: Seven Case Studies 715 29 Applications of Nonlinear Intravital Microscopy in Tumor Biology 735 30 Immunology Based on Nonlinear Optical Microscopy 757 31 Multiphoton Imaging in Animal Development 785 32 Nonlinear Microscopy Applied to Dermatology 797 33 Cellular Metabolism Monitored by NAD(P)H Imaging with Two-Photon Excitation Microscopy 825 Index 845