Reviews of environmental contamination and toxicology. / Vol. 188

Activated carbon, metal remediation, water, 73 Adsorption capacities, sorbents metal remediation, water, 71 Adsorption, ionisable pesticides in soils, 149 ff. Adsorption mechanisms, soil, 166, 168 Agrowaste remediation, heavy metals in water, 59 ff. Agrowastes, metal remediation, water, 67 Allolobophora icterica, earthworm biomarkers, 100 Alteromonas luteoviolaceus, Q1 source, 18 Aluminum influence on sorption, ionisable pesticides, 197 Animal manure, metal remediation, water, 68 Anti-ChE pesticides, earthworm effects, 96 Antimony, aquatic environment hazard, 61 Antimony, potential health effects, 63 Aporrectodea calignosa, earthworm biomarkers, 89 Aporrectodea nocturna, earthworm biomarkers, 100 Aporrectodea tuberculata, earthworm biomarkers, 91 Arsenic, aquatic environment hazard, 60, 63 Atrazine, adsorption coefficient, 190 Atrazine, ionisable herbicide, 150, 156 Avoidance behavior, earthworm test (diag.), 101 Avoidance behavior, earthworms, chemicals (table), 98 Bagasse, metal remediation, water, 68, 72 219 Index Brown algae, metal remediation, water, 65 Butachlor, earthworm response, 91 Cadmium, aquatic environment hazard, 61, 63 Cadmium, earthworm biomarkers, 87 Carbaryl, earthworm response, 90 Carbendazim, adsorption coefficient, 187, 190 Carbendazim, earthworm avoidance, 98 Carbofuran, earthworm response, 91 Carbon cycle, organic matter role, 128 CAS numbers, pesticides, 205 Cetaceans, HDBPs body burdens, 15 Chemical names, pesticides, 205 Chemical/physical properties, soil health indicators, 135 Chemical structures, bromodibenzodioxins, 32 Chemical structures, bromoindoles, 42 Chemical structures, bromophenols, 35 Chemical structures, bromoquinones Chemical structures, HDBPs (figure), 10 Chemical structures, MeO-BDEs (figure), 24 Chemical structures, Q1 (figure), 17 Chitosan, metal remediation, water, 73 Chlorpyrifos, earthworm response, 91 Chlorsulfuron, adsorption coefficient, 185, 189 Chromium, aquatic environment hazard, 62, 63 Chromium, removal from water, lignocellulose, 70 Classic chlorinated contaminants, 2 Clay influence on sorption, ionisable pesticides, 196 Clays, metal remediation, water, 73 Climatic properties, ionisable compounds adsorption, 163 Coconut husks, metal remediation, water, 72 Contaminated soils, earthworm avoidance, 97 Contaminated soils, realistic assessment, 108 220 Index Copper chloride, earthworm response, 91 Copper, earthworm biomarkers, 87 Copper, potential health effects, 63 2,4-D, adsorption coefficient, 184, 193 2,4-D, ionisable herbicide, 150, 154 2,4-D, soil half-life, 201 Dendrobaena octaedra, earthworm biomarkers, 99 Diallate, soil half-life, 201 Diazinon, earthworm response, 93 Dichlorprop, ionisable herbicide, 150 Dimethoate, earthworm avoidance, 98 Dirty Dozen persistent pollutants, 2 Drawida willsi, earthworm biomarkers, 91 Earthworm avoidance, contaminated soils, 97 Earthworm avoidance, two-chamber test (diag.), 101 Earthworm avoidance, two-chamber test system, 97 Earthworm behavior, pollutants (diag.), 116 Earthworm biological responses, pollutants (diag.), 116 Earthworm biomarker responses, pollutants (table), 90 Earthworm biomarkers, ecological risk assessment, 85 ff. Earthworm biomarkers, ecological survey, 106 Earthworm biomarkers, field studies, 101, 105 Earthworm biomarkers, lab soil tests, 102, 105 Earthworm biomarkers, simulated field studies, 103, 106 Earthworm biomarkers, standardized toxicity tests, 104 Earthworm biomarkers, test exposure conditions, 111 Earthworm skin, contaminant uptake indicator, 85 Earthworm standard, described, 109 Earthworm tests, lysosomal membrane stability, 88 Earthworm tests, neutral red retention assay (NRR), 88 Earthworms, anti-ChE pesticide effects, 96 Earthworms, avoidance behavior, chemicals (table), 98 Earthworms, bioindicators soil pollution, 85 ff. Earthworms, biomonitors of remediation, 112 Earthworms, ecotoxicological test organisms, 87 Earthworms, soil ecosystem contribution, 95 Ecological risk assessment (ERA), earthworm biomarkers, 85 ff. Ecotoxicological impacts of soil pollutants, microflora monitors, 127 ff. Eisenia andrei, earthworm biomarkers, 86 Eisenia fetida, earthworm biomarkers, 86 ERA (Ecological risk assessment), earthworm biomarkers, 85 ff. Flofencet, adsorption coefficient, 184 Fluazifop, adsorption coefficient, 184 Flumetsulam, adsorption coefficient, 185, 189, 193 Flumetsulam, ionisable herbicide, 156 Flupysulfuron-methyl, ionisable herbicide, 154 Fluridone, adsorption coefficient, 187, 190 Fluridone, ionisable herbicide, 158 Freundlich isotherm model, metal remediation, water, 74 Gas chromatography electron ionization mass spectrometry (GC/EI-MS), 6 Gas chromatography electron-capture negative ion mass spectrometry (GC/ECNI-MS), 4 GC/ECNI-MS (gas chromatography electron-capture negative ion mass spectrometry), 4 Index 221 GC/ECNI-MS, organobromine detection, 4 GC/EI-MS (gas chromatography electron ionization mass spectrometry), 6 GC/EI-MS, organobromine detection, 5 Glyphosate, adsorption coefficient, 188, 192 Glyphosate, ionisable herbicide, 160 Halogen isotope abundances (table), 7 Halogenated dimethyl bipyrroles (HDBPs), 9 Halogenated monoterpenes, analytical aspects, 41 Halogenated monoterpenes, environmental distribution, 41 Halogenated monoterpenes, mixed (MHC-1), 40 Halogenated natural products (HNPs), 2 Halogenated pollutants, 2 Halogenated products, natural marine, 1 ff. Haloxifop, adsorption coefficient, 184 HDBPs (halogenated dimethyl bipyrroles), 9 HDBPs, analytical aspects, 13 HDBPs, body burdens, cetaceans/marine birds, 15 HDBPs, chemical structures (figure), 10 HDBPs, concentrations marine environment (table), 16 HDBPs, environmental distribution, 15 Heavy metals, aquatic environment hazard, 60 Heavy metals, remediation, water, 59 ff. Heavy metals, removal from water, plants, 59 ff. Heavy metals, water quality criteria (table), 64 Heptachloromethyl bipyrrole (Q1), 17 High-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), 8 HNPs (halogenated natural products), 2 HNPs, annual cycle, 45 HNPs, biosynthesis, 44 HNPs, mass spectrometric investigations, 4 HNPs, novel discoveries, 2 HNPs of environmental concern, 9 HNPs, physicochemical parameters, 14 HNPs, resembling chlorinated POPs, 43 HNPs, unknown, 44 HRMS (high-resolution mass spectrometry), 8 Hydrophobic sorption, ionisable compounds, 167, 176 Imazapyr, adsorption coefficient, 187, 191 Imazapyr, ionisable herbicide, 158 Imazaquin, adsorption coefficient, 187, 191 Imazaquin, ionisable herbicide, 158 Imazethapyr, adsorption coefficient, 188, 191 Imazethapyr, ionisable herbicide, 160 Imidacloprid, earthworm avoidance, 100 Imidazolinone herbicides, ionisable, 150 Imidazolinones, adsorption coefficient, 191 Indicators, soil health/quality (table) 131 Ion-exchange, biomass, heavy metals, 67, 70 Ionic strength, ionisable compounds adsorption, 164 Ionisable compounds degradation, soil pH, 198 Ionisable herbicides, chemical properties, 155, 157, 159 Ionisable herbicides, chemical structures, 154 Ionisable herbicides, listed, 150 Ionisable herbicides, phenols, 183 Ionisable herbicides, sulfonylureas, 183 Ionisable herbicides, surface water contaminants, 150 Ionisable pesticides, adsorption coefficients (table), 184 Ionisable pesticides, chemical characteristics, 150 Ionisable pesticides, soil adsorption, 149 ff. 222 Index Ionisable pesticides, use patterns, 150 Ionisation, pesticides, described, 151 Iron oxides influence on sorption, ionisable pesticides, 197 Langmuir isotherm model, metal remediation, water, 74 Lead acetate, earthworm response, 93 Lead, earthworm biomarkers, 87 Lead, earthworm response, 90 Lead, potential health effects, 63 Lignin, metal remediation, water, 68, 72, 73 Lignocellulosic waste, metal remediation, water, 67, 72 Living biomass, metal remediation, water, 65 Lumbricus rubellus, earthworm biomarkers, 89 Lumbricus terrestris, earthworm biomarkers, 94 Lysosomal membrane stability, earthworm tests, 88 Malathion, earthworm response, 91 Manure, metal remediation, water, 68 Marine brown algae, metal remediation, water, 65 Marine halogenated products, 1 ff. MCPA, ionisable herbicide, 150, 154 Mecoprop, ionisable herbicide, 150, 154 MeO-BDEs (brominated phenoxyanisoles), 23 MeO-BDEs, analytical aspects, 28 MeO-BDEs, chemical structures (figure), 24 MeO-BDEs, environmental distribution, 29, 30 MeO-BDEs, natural sources, 25 Mercury, potential health effects, 63 Mesotrione, adsorption coefficient, 186, 189 Mesotrione, ionisable herbicide, 156 Metal removal from water, plants, 59 ff. Metribuzin, adsorption coefficient, 186, 190 Metsulfuron-methyl, adsorption coefficient, 185, 189 Metsulfuron-methyl, ionisable herbicide, 154 MHC-1 (mixed halogenated monoterpenes), 40 Microbial indicators, categories soil health, 138 Microbial indicators, soil health, 136 Natural halogenated products (HNPs), 1 ff. Naturally occurring halogenated products, 1 ff. Neutral red retention assay (NRR), earthworms, 88 NICA-Donnan model, metal remediation, water, 74 Nickel, aquatic environment hazard, 61 Nicosulfuron, adsorption coefficient, 185, 189 Nitrogen cycle, organic matter role, 128 Novel HNPs, annual discovery numbers, 2 Nut husks (ground), metal remediation, water, 68 Organobromines, GC/ECNI-MS detection, 4 Organometal compounds, aquatic environment hazard, 61 Palm pressed fibers, metal remediation, water, 72 PBBs (polybrominated biphenyls), 2 PBDEs (polybrominated diphenyl ethers), 2 PBTs (persistent bioaccumulative & toxic chemicals), 2 PCNs (polychloronapthalenes), 2 Peanut hulls, metal remediation, water, 68 Peat moss, metal remediation, water, 73 Persistent bioaccumulative & toxic chemicals (PBTs), 2 Persistent organic pollutants (POPs), 2 Pesticide ionisation, described, 151 Pesticide properties, ionisable compounds adsorption, 164 Pesticides, CAS numbers (table), 205 Pesticides, chemical names (table), 205 Index 223 Pesticides, surface water contaminants, 150 Petroleum hydrocarbons, earthworm avoidance, 98 pH influence on degradation, ionisable compounds, 199 pH influence on sorption, ionisable pesticides, 192 pH influence, soil adsorption, 175, 180 Phenoxy acid herbicides, ionisable, 150 Phosphorous cycle, organic matter role, 128 Physicochemical parameters, HNPs, 14 Plant remediation, alternative to chemical technology, 64 Plant remediation, heavy metals in water, 59 ff. Pollutants, soil health impact, 141 Polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs), 2 Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), 2 Polychlorinated HNP (Q1), 4, 17 Polychloronapthalenes (PCNs), 2 Polyhalogenated compounds, contaminants, 1 ff. POPs (persistent organic pollutants), 2 Primisulfuron, adsorption coefficient, 185, 189 Prochloraz, adsorption coefficient, 190 Prochloraz, ionisable herbicide, 158 Prometryn, ionisable herbicide, 156 Propiconazole, adsorption coefficient, 190 Prosulfuron, adsorption coefficient, 189 Pyrene, earthworm response, 91 Q1 (heptachloromethyl bipyrrole), 17 Q1, Alteromonas luteoviolaceus production, 18 Q1, analytical aspects, 19 Q1, chemical structures (figure), 17 Q1, concentrations marine environment (table), 22 Q1, environmental distribution, 20 Q1, identical to U3, 18 Q1, important polychlorinated HNP, 4, 17 Q1, reference standard available, 19 Rice husks, metal remediation, water, 68 Rice straw, metal remediation, water, 68 Rimsulfuron, adsorption coefficient, 185, 189 Risk assessment, ecological, earthworm biomarker, 85 ff. Salicylic acid, adsorption coefficient, 184 Sawdust (wood), metal remediation, water, 72 Seaweed, metal remediation, water, 72 Selenium, potential health effects, 63 Simazine, ionisable herbicide, 150, 156 Simazine, soil half-life, 201 Soil adsorption, anion exchange, 170, 176 Soil adsorption, bound residues, 174 Soil adsorption, cation (water) bridging, 173, 176 Soil adsorption, cation exchange, 171, 176 Soil adsorption, charge transfer, 171, 176 Soil adsorption, compound basicity, 177 Soil adsorption, hydrophobic sorption, 167 Soil adsorption, hydrophobicity, 177 Soil adsorption, ionic exchange, 170, 176 Soil adsorption, ionisable compounds, 160 Soil adsorption, ionisable pesticide behavior prediction, 175 Soil adsorption, ionisable pesticides, 149 ff. Soil adsorption, ligand exchange, 172, 176 Soil adsorption, mechanisms (table), 176 Soil adsorption mechanisms, 166 Soil adsorption, pH influence, 175, 180 Soil adsorption, van der Waals interactions, 168, 176 Soil clay influence on sorption, ionisable pesticides, 196 224 Index Soil components influence on sorption, ionisable pesticides, 193 Soil contaminants, realistic assessment, 108 Soil health assessment, soil microflora monitors, 127 ff. Soil health concept, 128 Soil health indicators, chemical/physical properties, 135 Soil health indicators, microbial, 136 Soil health measurement, 130 Soil health, microbial activity, 139 Soil health, microbial functional stability, 140 Soil health monitoring, microflora, 127 ff. Soil health, pollutant impact, 141 Soil health/quality indicators (table), 131 Soil microbial biomass vs biodiversity, 137 Soil microflora, soil health assessment, 127 ff. Soil organic matter influence on sorption, ionisable pesticides, 194 Soil organic matter, solid description, 195 Soil organic matter, water-dissolved description, 195 Soil pH, ionisable compounds degradation, 198 Soil pH, measurement techniques, 152 Soil pollutants, earthworm behavior (diag.), 116 Soil properties, ionisable compounds adsorption, 162 Soil quality, defined, 129 Soil risk assessment, earthworm biomarkers, 85 ff. Soil sorption and degradation processes, linkage, 201 Soil sorption, measurement, 160 Sorbent adsorption capacities, metal remediation, water, 71 Sorption and degradation processes, linkage, 201 Sugar-beet pulp, metal remediation, water, 70, 72 Sugar-cane bagasse, metal remediation, water, 68, 72 Sulfentrazone, adsorption coefficient, 193 Sulfometuron, adsorption coefficient, 185 Sulfonylurea herbicides, ionisable, 150 Sulfur cycle, organic matter role, 128 Surface water contaminants, ionisable herbicides, 150 Terbutryn, adsorption coefficient, 186, 190 Terbutryn, ionisable herbicide, 158 Test earthworm, described, 109 Test exposure conditions, earthworm biomarkers, 111 Tetrabromophenoxyanisoles, chemical structures, 24 TNT, earthworm avoidance, 99 Triazine herbicides, ionisable, 150 Triazines, adsorption coefficient, 190 Triazinones, adsorption coefficient, 190 Triclopyr, adsorption coefficient, 188, 192 Index 225 Triclopyr, ionisable herbicide, 160 Two-chamber test system, earthworm avoidance, 97 Tyrian purple, marine mollusk source, 42 U3, identical to Q1, 18 Water quality criteria, heavy metals (table), 64 Weight-of-evidence (WOE), ecotoxicological term, 86 Wheat bran, metal remediation, water, 72 WOE (weight-of-evidence), ecotoxicological term, 86 Wood bark, metal remediation, water, 73 Zeolite, metal remediation, water, 73 Zinc, aquatic environment hazard, 62 Zinc chloride, earthworm response, 91 Zinc, earthworm biomarkers, 87 Zwitterionic compounds, adsorption coefficient, 191