The glaucoma book : a practical, evidence-based approach to patient care

1 Glaucoma in the Twenty-First Century................................................................ 3 Ridia Lim and Ivan Goldberg 2 An Evidence-Based Approach to Glaucoma Care ...........14 IHelen Tseng and Kenneth Mitchell 50 Infantile, Childhood, and Juvenile Glaucomas .................................Paul A. Knepper, Michael J. Nolan, and Beatrice Y.J.T. Yue 84 Stem Cells and Glaucoma ...................................................................................... 953 Shan Lin, Mary Kelley, and John Samples 85 Cytoskeletal Active Agents for Glaucoma Therapy............................................. 955 Jennifer A. Faralli, Marie K. Schwinn, Donna M. Peters, and Paul L. Kaufman 86 The Drug Discovery Process: How Do New Glaucoma Medications Come to Market? .............................................................................. 961 Michael Bergamini 87 Glaucoma Clinical Research in the Community Setting..................................... 977 Harvey DuBiner, Helen DuBiner, and Paul N. Schacknow 88 Future Glaucoma Medical Therapies: What’s in the Pipeline? ......................... 983 Abbot F. Clark 89 Anecortave Acetate: A New Approach for the Medical Treatment of Glaucoma.......................................................................................... 989 Amy Lewis Hennessy and Alan L. Robin 90 Future Glaucoma Instrumentation: Diagnostic and Therapeutic...................... 995 Kelly A. Townsend, Gadi Wollstein, and Joel S. Schuman 91 What Really Causes Glaucoma?............................................................................ 1011 John R. Samples 92 The Glaucoma Book: What Do We Know Now, What Do We Need to Know About Glaucoma? ................................................... 1015 Paul N. Schacknow Index.......................................................................................................................................66 Incisional Therapies: Trabeculotomy Surgery in Adults .................................... 789 Ronald L. Fellman 67 Incisional Therapies: Canaloplasty and New Implant Devices .......................... 795 Diamond Y. Tam and Iqbal “Ike” K. Ahmed 68 Incisional Therapies: Shunts and Valved Implants ............................................. 813 John W. Boyle IV and Peter A. Netland 69 Incisional Therapies: What’s on the Horizon?..................................................... 831 Richard A. Hill and Don S. Minckler 70 Incisional Therapies: Complications of Glaucoma Surgery ............................... 841 Marlene R. Moster and Augusto Azuara-Blanco 71 Amniotic Membrane Grafts for Glaucoma Surgery ........................................... 861 Hosam Sheha, Lingyi Liang, and Scheffer C.G. Tseng 72 Treating Choroidal Effusions After Glaucoma Surgery ..................................... 867 Jody Piltz-Seymour 73 Cyclodialysis Clefts: Surgical and Traumatic ...................................................... 871 George R. Reiss 74 Epithelial Downgrowth........................................................................................... 877 Matthew C. Willett, Sami Al-Shahwan, and Deepak P. Edward 75 Penetrating Keratoplasty and Glaucoma.............................................................. 883 Michele L. Scott and Peter A. Netland 76 Descemet’s Stripping Endothelial Keratoplasty (DSEK) and Glaucoma.......................................................................................................... 885 Theodoros Filippopoulos, Kathryn A. Colby, and Cynthia L. Grosskreutz 77 Cataract and Glaucoma Surgery........................................................................... 889 Joseph R. Zelefsky and Stephen A. Obstbaum 78 Cataract Extraction as Treatment for Acute and Chronic Angle Closure Glaucomas ...................................................................................... 905 Baseer U. Khan 79 Refractive Surgery and Glaucoma ........................................................................ 913 Sarwat Salim and Peter A. Netland 80 Glaucoma after Retinal Surgery............................................................................ 917 Annisa L. Jamil, Scott D. Lawrence, David A. Saperstein, Elliott M. Kanner, Richard P. Mills, and Peter A. Netland Part VI The Future 81 Immunology and Glaucoma................................................................................... 925 Michal Schwartz and Anat London 82 How the Revolution in Cell Biology Will Affect Glaucoma: Biomarkers .............................................................................................................. 933 Paul A. Knepper, Michael J. Nolan, and Beatrice Y. J. T. Yue...... 567 David S. Walton Part IV The Medical Treatment 51 Medications Used to Treat Glaucoma ................................................................... 583 Paul N. Schacknow and John R. Samples 52 Choosing Adjunctive Glaucoma Therapy............................................................. 629 Jess T. Whitson 53 Monocular Drug Trials for Glaucoma Therapy in the Community Setting ...................................................................................... 643 Tony Realini 54 Neuroprotection of Retinal Ganglion Cells .......................................................... 647 Alvaro P.C. Lupinacci, Howard Barnebey, and Peter A. Netland 55 Compliance and Adherence: Lifelong Therapy for Glaucoma .......................... 651 Alan Robin, Betsy Sleath, and David Covert 56 Alternative and Non-traditional Treatments of Glaucoma................................. 657 Joseph R. Zelefsky and Robert Ritch 57 Intravitreal Steroids and Glaucoma...................................................................... 671 Yousuf Khalifa and Sandra M. Johnson 58 Pregnancy and Glaucoma ...................................................................................... 673 Jeff Martow 59 Systemic Side Effects of Glaucoma Medications.................................................. 677 Paul Lama 60 Systemic Diseases and Glaucoma .......................................................................... 689 Paul Lama Part V The Surgical Treatment 61 Laser Therapies: Iridotomy, Iridoplasty, and Trabeculoplasty.......................... 713 Douglas Gaasterland 62 Laser Iridoplasty Techniques for Narrow Angles and Plateau Iris Syndrome..................................................................................... 741 Baseer U. Khan 63 Laser Therapies: Cyclodestructive Procedures.................................................... 749 Christopher J. Russo and Malik Y. Kahook 64 Laser Therapies: Newer Technologies .................................................................. 753 Michael S. Berlin and Kevin Taliaferro 65 Incisional Therapies: Trabeculectomy Surgery ................................................... 765 Shlomo Melamed and Daniel Cotlearndications Scott Robison 32 Glaucoma and Medical Insurance: Billing and Coding Issues........................... 383 Cynthia Mattox 33 Medical Legal Considerations When Treating Glaucoma Patients ................... 391 J. Wesley Samples and John R. Samples Part III The Glaucomas 34 Primary Open Angle Glaucoma ............................................................................ 399 Matthew G. McMenemy 35 Normal Pressure Glaucoma ................................................................................... 421 Bruce E. Prum 36 Primary and Secondary Angle-Closure Glaucomas............................................ 461 Marshall N. Cyrlin 37 Malignant Glaucoma (Posterior Aqueous Diversion Syndrome) ....................... 489 Marshall N. Cyrlin 38 Pigmentary Dispersion Syndrome and Glaucoma............................................... 499 Celso Tello, Nathan Radcliffe, and Robert Ritch 39 Exfoliation Syndrome and Glaucoma ................................................................... 507 Anastasios G. P. Konstas, Gábor Holló, and Robert Ritch 40 Neovascular Glaucoma........................................................................................... 517 Donald Minckler 41 Inflammatory Disease and Glaucoma ................................................................... 527 Sunita Radhakrishnan, Emmett T. Cunningham Jr, and Andrew Iwach 42 Posner–Schlossman Syndrome .............................................................................. 537 Raghu C. Mudumbai and Sarwat Salim 43 Fuchs’ Uveitis Syndrome and Glaucoma.............................................................. 539 Edney R. Moura Filho and Thomas J. Liesegang 44 Herpes Simplex Related Glaucoma....................................................................... 545 Edney R. Moura Filho and Thomas J. Liesegang 45 Herpes Zoster Related Glaucoma.......................................................................... 549 Edney R. Moura Filho and Thomas J. Liesegang 46 Iridocorneal Endothelial Syndrome and Glaucoma............................................ 553 Sarwat Salim and Peter A. Netland 47 Ghost Cell Glaucoma.............................................................................................. 555 Dinorah P. Engel Castro and Cynthia Mattox 48 Fuchs’ Endothelial Dystrophy and Glaucoma ..................................................... 557 Blair Boehmer and Clark Sfor Therapy.......................................................................................... 155 George L. Spaeth Part II The Examination 15 Clinical Examination of the Optic Nerve.............................................................. 169 Scott J. Fudemberg, Yuanjun Zhao, Jonathan S. Myers, and L. Jay Katz 16 Clinical Cupping: Laminar and Prelaminar Components ................................. 185 Claude F. Burgoyne, Hongli Yang, and J. Crawford Downs 17 Disc Hemorrhages and Glaucoma......................................................................... 195 David J. Palmer 18 Some Lessons from the Disc Appearance in the Open Angle Glaucomas .................................................................................................... 199 Stephen M. Drance 19 Evaluating the Optic Nerve for Glaucomatous Progression ............................... 203 Felipe A. Medeiros 20 Digital Imaging of the Optic Nerve ....................................................................... 209 Shan Lin and George Tanaka 21 Clinical Utility of Computerized Optic Nerve Analysis ...................................... 219 Neil T. Choplin 22 Photography of the Optic Nerve ............................................................................ 223 Roy Whitaker Jr. and Von Best Whitaker 23 Detecting Functional Changes in the Patient’s Vision: Visual Field Analysis............................................................................................... 229 Chris A. Johnson 24 Using Electroretinography for Glaucoma Diagnosis ........................................... 265 Kevin C. Leonard and Cindy M. L. Hutnik 25 Glaucomatous Versus Nonglaucomatous Visual Loss: The Neuro-Ophthalmic Perspective ...................................................................... 269 Matthew D. Kay, Mark L. Moster, and Paul N. Schacknow 26 Gonioscopy............................................................................................................... 283 Reid Longmuir 27 Beyond Gonioscopy: Digital Imaging of the Anterior Segment ......................... 293 Robert J. Noecker 28 Office Examination of the Glaucoma Patient....................................................... 301 Paul N. Schacknow 29 Glaucoma and Driving ........................................................................................... 339 Odette Callender 30 Electronic Medical Records in the Glaucoma Practice ....................................... 343 Mildred M.G. Olivier and Linda Hay.................................... 23 Louis R. Pasquale 3 Glaucoma Risk Factors: Intraocular Pressure..................................................... 35 Nils A. Loewen and Angelo P. Tanna 4 Glaucoma Risk Factors: Fluctuations in Intraocular Pressure.......................... 51 Felipe A. Medeiros 5 Glaucoma is a 24/7 Disease..................................................................................... 55 Amish B. Doshi, John H.K. Liu, and Robert N. Weinreb 6 Continuous Monitoring of Intraocular Pressure ................................................. 59 Ron E.P. Frenkel, Max P.C. Frenkel, and Shamim A. Haji 7 Aqueous Veins and Open Angle Glaucoma .......................................................... 65 Murray Johnstone, Annisa Jamil, and Elizabeth Martin 8 Glaucoma Risk Factors: The Cornea.................................................................... 79 Lionel Marzette and Leon Herndon 9 Glaucoma Risk Factors: Family History – The Genetics of Glaucoma ............. 91 John R. Samples 10 Glaucoma Risk Factors: Ethnicity and Glaucoma .............................................. 101 M. Roy Wilson and Mark Gallardo 11 Glaucoma Risk Factors: Ocular Blood Flow........................................................ 111 Brent Siesky, Alon Harris, Rita Ehrlich, Nisha Kheradiya, and Carlos Rospigliosi Lopez 12 Glaucoma Risk Factors: Sleep Apnea and Glaucoma......................................... 135 Rick E. Bendel and Janet A. Betchkal 13 Evaluating Ophthalmic Literature........................................................................ 139 Dan Eisenberg and Paul N. Schacknow