Functional tissue engineering

Preface v Contributors xiii Part I: The Functional Properties of Native Tissues 1 1. How Does Nature Build a Tissue? 3 Stephen C. Cowin 2. Ligament Healing: Present Status and the Future of Functional Tissue Engineering 17 Savio L.-Y. Woo, Steven D. Abramovich, John C. Loh, Volker Musahl, and James H.-C. Wang 3. Native Properties of Cardiovascular Tissues: Guidelines for Functional Tissue Engineering 35 Jay D. Hamphrey 4. Functional Properties of Native Articular Cartilage 46 Gerard A. Ateshian and Clark T. Hung 5. Excitability and Contractility of Skeletal Muscle: Measurements and Interpretations 69 John A. Faulkner and Robert G. Dennis Part II: Functional Requirements of Engineered Tissues 85 6. Functional Requirements for the Engineering of a Blood Vessel Substitute 87 Robert M. Nerem and Jan P. Stegemann 7. In Vivo Force and Strain of Tendon, Ligament, and Capsule 96 Kai-Nan An 8. Requirements for Biological Replacement of the Articular Cartilage at the Knee Joint 106 Thomas Andriacchi 9. Functional Requirements: Cartilage 117 Jack L. Lewis Part III: Design Parameters for Tissue Engineering 127 10. Design Parameters for Functional Tissue Engineering 129 Arnold I. Caplan ix 11. Tissue Engineering a Heart: Critical Issues 139 Michael V. Sefton and Robert Akins 12. Design Parameters for Engineering Bone Regeneration 146 Robert E. Guldberg and Angel O. Duty 13. Tissue Engineering of Bone: The Potential Uses of Gene Therapy for Difficult Bone Loss Problems 162 Brett Peterson and Jay R. Lieberman 14. Engineered Skeletal Muscle: Functional Tissues, Organs, and Interfaces 178 Robert G. Dennis 15. Bioengineering the Growth of Articular Cartilage 194 Stephen M. Klisch, Michael A. DiMicco, Anne Hoger, and Robert L. Sah Part IV: Assessment of Function in Engineered Tissues 211 16. Functional Tissue Engineering: Assessment of Function in Tendon and Ligament Repair 213 David L. Butler, Matthew Dressler, and Hani Awad 17. The Role of Mechanical Forces in Tissue Engineering of Articular Cartilage 227 J.C.Y. Hu and K.A. Athanasiou 18. Biomechanics of Native and Engineered Heart Valves Tissues 243 Michael S. Sacks 19. Assessment of Function in Tissue-Engineered Vascular Grafts 258 David N. Ka and Hai-Chao Han 20. Assessment of the Performance of Engineered Tissues in Humans Requires the Development of Highly Sensitive and Quantitative Noninvasive Outcome Measures 268 R.J. O’Keefe, S. Jotterman, E.M. Schwarz, J.M. Looney, G.S. Seo, J. Tamez-Pena, A. Boyd, S. Bukata, J. Monu, and K. Parker Part V: Cell-Matrix Interactions in Functional Tissue Engineering 275 21. Functional Tissue Engineering and the Role of Biomechanical Signaling in articular Cartilage Repair 277 Farshid Guilak and Lori A. Seton 22. Regulation of Cellular Response to Mechanical Signals by Matrix Design 291 Craig A. Simmons and David J. Mooney 23. Artificial Soft Tissue Fabrication from Cell-Contracted Biopolymers 305 Robert T. Tranquillo and Brett C. Isenberg 24. Cytomechanics: Signaling to Mechanical Load in Connective Tissue Cells and Role in Tissue Engineering 318 Albert J. Banes, Michelle Wall, Joanne Gravin, and Joanne Archambault Part VI: Bioreactors and the Role of Biophysical Stimuli in Tissue Engineering 335 25. The Role of Biomechanics in Analysis of Cardiovascular Diseases: Regulation of the Fluid Shear Response by Inflammatory Mediators 337 Geert W. Schmid-Schönbein and Shunichi Fukuda 26. A Full Spectrum of Functional Tissue-engineered Blood Vessels: From Macroscopic to Microscopic 347 F.A. Auger, G. Grenier, M. Remy-Zolghadri, and L. Germain 27. Engineering Functional Cartilage and Cardiac Tissue: In Vitro Culture Parameters 360 Lisa A. Freed, Maria A. Rupnick, Dirk Schaefer, and Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic 28. Tissue Engineering Skeletal Muscle 377 Paul E. Kosnik, Robert G. Dennis, and Herman H. Vandenburgh Part VII: Regulatory and Clinical Issues in Tissue Engineering 393 29. From Concept Toward the Clinic: Preclinical Evaluation of Tissue-Engineered Constructs 395 Steven A. Goldstein 30. Trends in the FDA 400 Edith Richmond Schwartz Index 405