Optical imaging and spectroscopy
- نوع فایل : کتاب
- زبان : انگلیسی
- مؤلف : David J Brady; Optical Society of America
- ناشر : Wiley ; [Washington, D.C.]
- چاپ و سال / کشور: 2009
- شابک / ISBN : 9780470048238
Description
1 Past, Present, and Future 1 1.1 Three Revolutions / 1 1.2 Computational Imaging / 3 1.3 Overview / 6 1.4 The Fourth Revolution / 8 Problems / 9 2 Geometric Imaging 11 2.1 Visibility / 11 2.2 Optical Elements / 14 2.3 Focal Imaging / 22 2.4 Imaging Systems / 28 2.5 Pinhole and Coded Aperture Imaging / 31 2.6 Projection Tomography / 41 2.7 Reference Structure Tomography / 47 Problems / 50 3 Analysis 55 3.1 Analytical Tools / 55 3.2 Fields and Transformations / 56 vii 3.3 Fourier Analysis / 59 3.4 Transfer Functions and Filters / 64 3.5 The Fresnel Transformation / 67 3.6 The Whittaker–Shannon Sampling Theorem / 72 3.7 Discrete Analysis of Linear Transformations / 75 3.8 Multiscale Sampling / 79 3.9 B-Splines / 89 3.10 Wavelets / 96 Problems / 100 4 Wave Imaging 103 4.1 Waves and Fields / 103 4.2 Wave Model for Optical Fields / 104 4.3 Wave Propagation / 106 4.4 Diffraction / 109 4.5 Wave Analysis of Optical Elements / 115 4.6 Wave Propagation Through Thin Lenses / 121 4.7 Fourier Analysis of Wave Imaging / 124 4.8 Holography / 130 Problems / 141 5 Detection 147 5.1 The Optoelectronic Interface / 147 5.2 Quantum Mechanics of Optical Detection / 148 5.3 Optoelectronic Detectors / 153 5.3.1 Photoconductive Detectors / 153 5.3.2 Photodiodes / 159 5.4 Physical Characteristics of Optical Detectors / 162 5.5 Noise / 165 5.6 Charge-Coupled Devices / 170 5.7 Active Pixel Sensors / 176 5.8 Infrared Focal Plane Arrays / 178 Problems / 183 6 Coherence Imaging 187 6.1 Coherence and Spectral Fields / 187 6.2 Coherence Propagation / 190 6.3 Measuring Coherence / 198 viii CONTENTS 6.3.1 Measuring Temporal Coherence / 198 6.3.2 Spatial Interferometry / 201 6.3.3 Rotational Shear Interferometry / 204 6.3.4 Focal Interferometry / 209 6.4 Fourier Analysis of Coherence Imaging / 216 6.4.1 Planar Objects / 217 6.4.2 3D Objects / 219 6.4.3 The Defocus Transfer Function / 224 6.5 Optical Coherence Tomography / 227 6.6 Modal Analysis / 231 6.6.1 Modes and Fields / 231 6.6.2 Modes and Coherence Functions / 234 6.6.3 Modal Transformations / 236 6.6.4 Modes and Measurement / 243 6.7 Radiometry / 245 6.7.1 Generalized Radiance / 245 6.7.2 The Constant Radiance Theorem / 247 Problems / 248 7 Sampling 253 7.1 Samples and Pixels / 253 7.2 Image Plane Sampling on Electronic Detector Arrays / 255 7.3 Color Imaging / 268 7.4 Practical Sampling Models / 272 7.5 Generalized Sampling / 276 7.5.1 Sampling Strategies and Spaces / 277 7.5.2 Linear Inference / 282 7.5.3 Nonlinear Inference and Group Testing / 284 7.5.4 Compressed Sensing / 288 Problems / 294 8 Coding and Inverse Problems 299 8.1 Coding Taxonomy / 299 8.2 Pixel Coding / 304 8.2.1 Linear Estimators / 305 8.2.2 Hadamard Codes / 306 CONTENTS ix 8.3 Convolutional Coding / 308 8.4 Implicit Coding / 310 8.5 Inverse Problems / 319 8.5.1 Convex Optimization / 320 8.5.2 Maximum Likelihood Methods / 329 Problems / 331 9 Spectroscopy 333 9.1 Spectral Measurements / 333 9.2 Spatially Dispersive Spectroscopy / 337 9.3 Coded Aperture Spectroscopy / 341 9.4 Interferometric Spectroscopy / 349 9.5 Resonant Spectroscopy / 354 9.6 Spectroscopic Filters / 364 9.6.1 Volume Holographic Filters / 365 9.6.2 Thin-Film Filters / 371 9.7 Tunable Filters / 380 9.7.1 Liquid Crystal Tunable Filters / 381 9.7.2 Acoustooptic Tunable Filters / 386 9.8 2D Spectroscopy / 389 9.8.1 Coded Apertures and Digital Superresolution / 391 9.8.2 Echelle Spectroscopy / 393 9.8.3 Multiplex Holograms / 398 9.8.4 2D Filter Arrays / 401 Problems / 403 10 Computational Imaging 407 10.1 Imaging Systems / 407 10.2 Depth of Field / 408 10.2.1 Optical Extended Depth of Field (EDOF) / 410 10.2.2 Digital EDOF / 416 10.3 Resolution / 424 10.3.1 Bandlimited Functions Sampled over Finite Support / 425 10.3.2 Anomalous Diffraction and Nonlinear Detection / 439 10.4 Multiaperture Imaging / 442 10.4.1 Aperture Scaling and Field of View / 443 10.4.2 Digital Superresolution / 450 10.4.3 Optical Projection Tomography / 459 x CONTENTS 10.5 Generalized Sampling Revisited / 465 10.6 Spectral Imaging / 472 10.6.1 Full Data Cube Spectral Imaging / 472 10.6.2 Coded Aperture Snapshot Spectral Imaging / 479 Problems / 487 References 493 Index
Preface. Acknowledgments. 1. Past, present and future. 1.1 Three revolutions. 1.2 Computational imaging. 1.3 Overview. 1.4 The fourth revolution. Problems. 2. Geometric imaging. 2.1 Visibility. 2.2 Optical elements. 2.3 Focal imaging. 2.4 Imaging systems. 2.5 Pinhole and coded aperture imaging. 2.6 Projection tomography. 2.7 Reference structure tomography. Problems. 3. Analysis. 3.1 Analytical tools. 3.2 Fields and transformations. 3.3 Fourier analysis. 3.4 Transfer functions and filters. 3.5 The Fresnel transformation. 3.6 The Whittaker-Shannon sampling theorem. 3.7 Discrete analysis of linear transformations. 3.8 Multiscale sampling. 3.9 B-splines. 3.10 Wavelets. Problems. 4. Wave imaging. 4.1 Waves and fields. 4.2 Wave model for optical fields. 4.3 Wave propagation. 4.4 Diffraction. 4.5 Wave analysis of optical elements. 4.6 Wave propagation through thin lenses. 4.7 Fourier analysis of wave imaging. 4.8 Holography. Problems. 5. Detection. 5.1 The Optoelectronic interface. 5.2 Quantum mechanics of optical detection. 5.3 Optoelectronic detectors. 5.3.1 Photoconductive detectors. 5.3.2 Photodiodes. 5.4 Physical characteristics of optical detectors. 5.5 Noise. 5.6 Charge coupled devices. 5.7 Active pixel sensors. 5.8 Infrared focal plane arrays. Problems. 6. Coherence imaging. 6.1 Coherence and spectral fields. 6.2 Coherence propagation. 6.3 Measuring coherence. 6.4 Fourier analysis of coherence imaging. 6.5 Optical coherence tomography. 6.6 Modal analysis. 6.7 Radiometry. Problems. 7. Sampling. 7.1 Samples and pixels. 7.2 Image plane sampling on electronic detector arrays. 7.3 Color imaging. 7.4 Practical sampling models. 7.5 Generalized sampling. Problems. 8. Coding and inverse problems. 8.1 Coding taxonomy. 8.2 Pixel coding. 8.3 Convolutional coding. 8.4 Implicit coding. 8.5 Inverse problems. Problems. 9. Spectroscopy. 9.1 Spectral measurements. 9.2 Spatially dispersive spectroscopy. 9.3 Coded aperture spectroscopy. 9.4 Interferometric Spectroscopy. 9.5 Resonant spectroscopy. 9.6 Spectroscopic filters. 9.7 Tunable filters. 9.8 2D spectroscopy. Problems. 10. Computational imaging. 10.1 Imaging systems. 10.2 Depth of field. 10.3 Resolution. 10.4 Multiple aperture imaging. 10.5 Generalized sampling revisited. 10.6 Spectral imaging. Problems. Reference
