Physicochemical kinetics and transport at biointerfaces

ABC (ATP binding cassette) transporters 298–300 binding protein dependent uptake systems 298–299 of ferric iron type 317–318 systems without autonomous binding protein 300 for uptake of haem 311–317 iron and other metals 318–319 siderophores 311–317, 433 vitamin B12 313–314 absorption isotherms, alkanes in DPPC membranes 91–92, 92 acidity constant, listed for various HIOCs 210–211, 234 actin-driven phagocytosis 375, 376, 379 active mobilisation of substrate, mechanisms 402–403, 415–433 active transport 7, 280, 351, 490 kinetics 490 see also primary active transporters; secondary active transporters activity coefficients, in membrane–water partitioning 223–224 adaptation 1, 114 adhesion, role in substrate mobilisation 411, 413–414 adsorbed substrates compared with solid substrates 423 microbial uptake from 422–423 adsorption to carrier sites 478–485 chemical heterogeneity effects 481–484 and competition among metals 478, 480 rate-limiting adsorption 484–485 ternary complexes and ligand adsorption 480–481 cooperativity in 482–483 equilibrium and rate constants 474–476 Langmuirian, diffusional steady-state approach 175–178, 476 linear (Henry), diffusional steady-state approach 172–175 in transport mechanism for eukaryote membranes 339, 341–344 adsorption processes, and biouptake modelling 193 adsorption/desorption at biological interphases 473–485 kinetics 193 limitations in determination and interpretation of equilibrium and kinetic data 474–478 advection effects on mass transport 459 typical timescale 501 aggregates, mass transfer/transport to cells in 462–463 airborne particles 358 endocytosis of 388–391 sources 388 algae, uptake of metal species by 244, 245 alkane–octanol–chloroform–dibutylether system, as membrane model 218 AlnA protein 427, 429 aluminium, bioaccumulation of 480 amoebocytes, digestion by 382, 384 amoeboid protozoa, assimilation of particles by 379 amphiphiles 21 effect on lipid bilayers 91, 229 anaesthetics effect on lipid bilayers 91, 236 interaction site(s) for 236, 237 anammoxosome 275–276 aniline 209, 210 animal cell membranes 5 bioaffinity parameter 151, 156, 182 bioavailability effect of speciation 8–9, 370 iron, factors affecting 8–9, 178, 216, 244, 302, 303 physicochemical processes affecting 449 terms used for 384 bioconcentration factor (BCF) 239 organotin compounds 251 silver 369 bioemulsifiers 423, 427–429 biofilms, mass transfer/transport to cells in 462–463 biological interactions, metal speciation and 207–208 biological interphases adsorption/desorption at 473–485 electrodynamics at 120–122 interaction with HIOCs 220–241 effects of speciation of HIOCs 238–241 partitioning and sorption boundary value problem 124 Bragg–Williams approach 52 Brownian dynamics (BD) simulation 45 BtuC2D2 complex 314 crystal structure 316, 317 BtuF protein 313–314 hydrocarbon–water interface 20–21 hydrocarbon–water repulsion 55, 62–63 hydrodynamic boundary layer/ region 131–132 distinction from diffusion layer 132 hydrophilic channels 95 hydrophilic organic complexes 212–215 hydrophilic particles, charging of 361 hydrophobic anions, membrane-binding capability compared with cations 229 hydrophobic cell walls membrane phase, speciation in 232–233 membrane potentials 6 membrane tension 24–26 effect of undulation entropy 26 membrane transport processes 371–372 membrane–water distribution ratio