Computed tomography : principles, design, artifacts, and recent advances

1. Introduction -- Conventional X-ray Tomography -- History of Computed Tomography -- Different Generations of CT Scanners. 2. Preliminaries -- Mathematics Fundamentals -- Fundamentals of X-ray Physics -- Measurement of Line Integrals and Data Conditioning -- Sampling Geometry and Sinogram. 3. Image Reconstruction -- Introduction -- Several Approaches to Image Reconstruction -- The Fourier Slice Theorem -- The Filtered Backprojection Algorithm -- Fan-Beam Reconstruction -- Iterative Reconstruction. 4. Image Presentation -- CT Image Display -- Volume Visualization -- Impact of Visualization Tools. 5. Key Performance Parameters of the CT Scanner -- High-Contrast Spatial Resolution -- Low-Contrast Resolution -- Temporal Resolution -- CT Number Accuracy and Noise -- Performance of the Scanogram. 6. Major Components of the CT Scanner -- System Overview -- The X-ray Tube and High-Voltage Generator -- The X-ray Detector and Data-Acquisition Electronics -- The Gantry and Slip Ring -- Collimation and Filtration -- The Reconstruction Engine. 7. Image Artifacts: Appearances, Causes, and Corrections -- What Is an Image Artifact? -- Different Appearances of Image Artifacts -- Artifacts Related to System Design -- Artifacts Related to X-ray Tubes -- Detector-induced Artifacts -- Patient-induced Artifacts -- Operator-induced Artifacts. 8. Computer Simulation and Analysis -- What Is Computer Simulation? -- Simulation Overview -- Simulation of Optics -- Computer Simulation of Physics-related Performance. 9. Helical or Spiral CT -- Introduction -- Terminology and Reconstruction -- Slice Sensitivity Profile and Noise -- Helically Related Image Artifacts. 10. Multislice CT -- The Need for Multislice CT -- Detector Configurations of Multislice CT -- Nonhelical Mode of Reconstruction -- Multislice Helical Reconstruction -- Multislice Artifacts. 11. X-ray Radiation and Dose-Reduction Techniques -- Biological Effects of X-ray Radiation -- Measurement of X-ray dose -- Methodologies for Dose Reduction. 12. Advanced CT Applications -- Introduction -- Cardiac Imaging -- CT Fluoroscopy -- CT Perfusion -- Screening and Quantitative CT -- Dual-Energy CT.