Aerosol technology : properties, behavior, and measurement of airborne particles

Preface to the First Edition xi Preface to the Second Edition xiii List of Principal Symbols YV Introduction 1 I. I Definitions / 3 1.2 Particle Size, Shape, and Density / 8 1.3 Aerosol Concentration / 10 Problems / 12 References / 13 2 Properties of Gases 15 2.1 Kinetic Theory of Gases / 15 2.2 Molecular Velocity / 18 2.3 Mean Free Path / 21 2.4 Other Properties / 23 2.5 Reynolds Number / 27 2.6 Measurement of Velocity, Flow Rate, and Pressure / 31 Problems / 39 References / 41 3 Uniform Particle Motion 42 3.1 Newton's ResistanceL aw / 42 3.2 Stokes's Law / 44 3.3 Settling Velocity and Mechanical Mobility / 46 3.4 Slip Correction Factor / 48 3.5 Nonspherical Particles / 51 3.6 Aerodynamic Diameter / 53 3.7 Settling at High Reynolds Numbers / 55 3.8 Stirred Settling / 62 v I L. 1 8vl / S~:)U~l~J~"M LvI / SW~lqOld 9v I / ~:)unog ~1:)!tJt!d v'9 ~vl / uo!su~dsns~"M £'9 vv I / s~I:)!tJt!d Jo ~u~wq:)t!~~a Z'9 I v I / S~:)lO~ ~/I.!S~qPV 1'9 It I Si}IJ!~J8dJ o UO!Si}qPV 9 Otl / S~;)U~l~J~~ 8£1 / sw~lqold 9£1 / S1u~wru1suI 1q~!ld-JO-~W!.L 8'~ t£ 1 / SlO1;)udwI lun1l!A L . ~ 8l1 / Slo1;)udwI ~PU;)Su;) 9'~ III / uo!1;)udwI IU!1l~UI ~.~ 611 / l~qwnN S~}{O1Spu u UO!10Wl U~u!I!Aln;) t.~ L 11 / ~;)UU!S!a ~u!ddo!S £'~ III / UO!!Ul~I~;);)V~ 1;)!1lUd~ U!l-!q~!Ul!S Z'~ III / ~W!.L UO!!UXUI~~ 1'~ III uopoW iJI;)P.lUd .lUiJU!I!A.ln;) puu UOPB.liJliJJJViJ U!1-1q~!U.lJS S 0 I I / S~JU~J~J~"M SOl / sw~lqOJd ~OI / suo!~Bnb3 ~~BOqJ-qJ~BH~ q~J o UO!~BA!J~a: £ x!pu~ddV 0 I'v ~OI / SUO!~nq!J~S!~aZ !S ~P!1JBd1 0SOJ~VJ oJ S!SBgI BJ!~~JO~q.:L'l x!pu~ddV 6'v vOI / ~Z!S ~P!1JBd o~ P~!lddV SUO!~nq!J~S!:a I x!pu~ddV S'v 00 I / AJBJnJJV IBJ!~s!~ms L'v L6 / suo!~Bnb3 UO!SJ~AUO~J~ BOqJ-qJ~BH~ q.L 9'v v6 / SqdBJD A~!I!qBqOJd-~O'l ~'v 06 / UO!~nq!J~S!aIB UJJou~O'l~ q.L v'v vS / SUO!~nq!J~S!~au ~woW £'v 'lS / S~~BJ~AV~ u~woW 'l'v ~L / SUO!~nq!J~S!~aZ !s Jo s~!1J~doJd l"v 5L S;)I~SI~8:JS '.JzIS '.J1;)P.lBd p £L / s~:>u~J~J~"M OL / sw~lqOJd L9 / MU'l S,S~){O~SJ O UO!~UA!J~a :x!pu~ddV 01.£ S"9 / A~!:>OI~A ~U!I~~~S uo AI~"M ~uq.L s~u~wru~suI 6.£ ~IN~INO~ III CONTENTS vii 7 Brownian Motion and Diffusion 150 7.1 Diffusion Coefficient / 150 7.2 Particle Mean Free Path / 154 7.3 Brownian Displacement / 156 7.4 Deposition by Diffusion / 160 7.5 Diffusion Batteries / 165 Problems / 168 References / 169 8 Thermal and Radiometric Forces 171 178 8. ] Thennophoresis / ] 7] 8.2 Thennal Precipitators / ] 76 8.3 Radiometric and Concentration Gradiant Forces / Problems / ]80 References / ]80 9 Filtration 182 9.1 Macroscopic Properties of Filters / 182 9.2 Single-Fiber Efficiency / 190 9.3 Deposition Mechanisms I 191 9.4 Filter Efficiency / 196 9.5 Pressure Drop I 200 9.6 Membrane Filters / 202 Problems / 204 References / 204 10 Sampling and Measurement of Concentration 206 10.1 Isokinetic Sampling / 206 10.2 Sampling from Still Air / 213 10.3 Transport Losses / 216 10.4 Measurement of Mass Concentration / 217 10.5 Direct-Reading Instruments / 222 10.6 Measurement of Number Concentration / 225 10.7 Sampling Pumps / 228 Problems / 230 References / 231 1 1££ / ~B'lt!q:)S!a t!UO1O;) S'"SI' £Z£ / SWS!Ut!q:)~WB 'U!B'lt!q;) v'S'1 OZ£ / ~!I!qOW 1t!:)!l~:)~13 tS'1 81£ / SPI~!d :)!1~:)~13 Z'S'I 91£ / S~!Ufl I'S'I 91£ so}!~JO}doJd 18J!J~JO}I3 SI ~ I £ / s~:>u~J~J~~ PIE / sw~Iqold Zl £ / S}:>~JJ3 I~qoID £'PI LO£ / losol~V U~qlf1 Z'PI IOSOJ~V punol8'l:>~8 l~lm~N I'PI SIOSOJ3V J!J3qdsow:,V 170£ tot: 171 'lOt / S~:>U~l~J~'M 10£ / SW~lqOld P6'l / uo!~t1lodt1A3 L o£ I 'l6'l / Sl~~unoJ !~I:>nN UO!~t1SU~puoJ 9°£1 88'l / UO!~t1SU~puoJ P~~t1~I:>nN ~'£I ~8'l / UO!~t1SU~puoJ I.q q~MOlD po£I £8'l / UO!~t1~I:>nN sno~u~~owOH £°£1 I8'l / ~:>~JJ3 U!AI~)J 'l°£1 8a / SUO!~!u!J~a 1°£1 8L'l uop8.1od8A3 PU8 UOp8SU;JpUO:) fI La / S;):)U;)J;)j;)"M 9a / SW;)yqOJd 'la / uo!~gyn~goJ :)!~gW;)U!)l £°'ll 89'l / uo!~gln~goJ ;)SJ;)dS!PAIOd 'l°'ll 09'l / UO!~gl~goJ ;)sJ;)ds!pouoW ;)ldw!S I °'l I 09Z UO!J8In~80J 'll 8~'l / S;);)U;)J;)J;)"M L~'l / SW;)IqOJd 6v'l / 8u!IdwuS ;)A!!;);)I;)S-;)Z!S J;)l}!O puu ;)IqUJ!ds;)"M ~. 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