Basic electrical installation work

Preface vii 1 Working effectively and safely 1 Safety Regulations and Laws 1 The Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 1 The Electricity Safety, Quality and Continuity Regulations 2002 (formerly Electricity Supply Regulations 1989) 4 The Electricity at Work Regulations 1989 (EWR) 4 Non-Statutory Regulations 5 The Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 5 The Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 1988 6 Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 6 The Construction (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1996 6 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) at Work Regulations 1998 7 The IEE Wiring Regulations to BS 7671:2001 Requirements for Electrical Installations 9 Health and safety responsibilities 9 Employment – rights and responsibilities 10 Safety signs 12 Accidents at work 13 Fire control 14 Electrical safety and isolation 16 First aid 18 Accident reports 21 Structure of electrotechnical organisations 21 The construction industry 21 The building team 22 The electrical team 22 Electrotechnical industry 24 Designing an electrical installation 25 Legal contracts 26 On-site communications 26 Professional organisations 37 Exercises 39 2 Principles of electrotechnology 42 Units 42 Basic circuit theory 42 Resistors 45 Power and energy 50 Alternating current theory 51 Magnetism 53 Electromagnetism 54 Inductance 56 Electrostatics 57 Mechanics 59 Simple machines 64 Transporting loads 68 Temperature and heat 70 Electrical machines 72 Motors 74 Simple transformers 76 Measuring volts and amps 79 The multimeter 79 Electrical cables 80 Construction of cables 82 New wiring colours 82 Existing fixed cable core colours 82 New (harmonised) fixed cable core colours 82 FP 200 cable 83 Generation of electricity 85 CONTENTS vi C O N T E N T S Electricity today 89 Distribution of electricity 90 Protection against overcurrent 95 Earth leakage protection 100 Hand and power tools 100 Safe working practice 105 Tidiness 105 Personal hygiene 106 Ergonomics 106 Exercises 106 3 Health and safety and electrical principles 113 Health and safety applications 113 Hazard risk assessment 113 VDU operation hazards 117 Manual handling 120 Safe working above ground 122 Secure electrical isolation 123 Disposing of waste 127 Electrical principles 128 Alternating current theory 128 Magnetism 139 Direct current motors 142 Three-phase a.c. motors 145 Single-phase a.c. motors 149 Motor starters 150 Remote control of motors 153 Installation of motors 153 Motor maintenance 155 Power-factor correction 156 Transformers 157 Transformer losses 158 Transformer efficiency 158 Transformer construction 159 Instrument transformers 161 Voltage transformers 161 Current transformers 162 Electricity generation, transmission and distribution 163 Protection of an electrical installation 170 Exercises 181 4 Installation (building and structures) 189 Regulations and responsibilities 189 The Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 190 The Electricity at Work Regulations 1989 (EWR) 191 The IEE Wiring Regulations (BS 7671: 2001) 191 British and European Standards 192 Safe working environment 195 Low voltage supply systems 195 Wiring circuits 197 Wiring systems 209 Support and fixing methods for electrical equipment 221 Joining materials 222 Special installations 225 Temporary installations 225 Agricultural and horticultural installations 227 Caravans and caravan sites 228 Flammable and explosive installations 228 Hazardous area classification 230 Intrinsic safety 230 Static electricity 230 Computer supplies 231 Fire alarm circuits (BS 5839) 233 Intruder alarms 235 Closed circuit television (CCTV) 239 Emergency lighting (BS 5266) 239 Zones for bath and shower rooms 243 Inspection and testing techniques 245 Certification and reporting 253 Exercises 254 5 Lighting 259 Common lighting terms 259 Illumination laws 259 Measurement of illuminance 261 Space to mounting height ratio 263 Layout of luminaries 263 Comparison of light sources 264 Control gear for lamps 270 Fluorescent lamp control circuits 270 Installation of luminaries 272 Loading and switching of discharge circuits 273 Maintenance of lighting installations 274 High-voltage discharge lighting 274 Exercises 275 Solutions to exercises 279 Appendices 281 Index 283