Protection devices and systems for high-voltage applications, 20.

Series Introduction in Preface v Acronyms xi 1 Problems of Overload and Spark Protection Systems for High Power RF Generators, Lasers, and Radar 1 1.1 Common Problems of HV Equipment 1 1.2 Interface Relays 3 2 High-Voltage Interface RG-series Relays 9 2.1 HV Interface Relays for DC Circuits 9 2.2 The Impulse Action Device 19 2.3 HV RG-series Interfaces for Power Engineering 22 2.4 Special RG-relay-Based Devices 26 2.4.1 Relay Responding to the Current Change Rate 26 2.4.2 Differential RG-relay 27 2.4.3 RG-relay-Based Device for Current Measurement in High Potential Circuits 28 2.4.4 The Use of Spark-Arresting Circuits for Reed Switches in DC Circuits 30 3 High-Voltage Switching Devices 35 3.1 HV Relay "Goliath" Series 35 3.2 HV Solid-State Switching Devices HVTS Series 41 3.3 HV Reed Switch Based Commutation Devices 47 3.4 Hybrid Commutation Devices 49 3.5 Reliability of the HV Commutation Devices Based on Serially Connected Elements 58 VII viii Contents 4 Low-Voltage Switching Devices for High-Voltage Power Supply 65 4.1 Soft-Start Thyristor Contactor 65 4.2 Soft-Start Contactor on IGBT Transistors 67 4.3 Power-Combined Device 69 4.4 Hybrid Power Relay 71 4.5 Hybrid Switch, Based on Anti-Parallel Connected Thyristors (SAPT) 83 4.6 Temperature Influence on SAPT Operation 93 4.7 Hybrid Reed-Transistor Switching Device for DC Circuits 102 5 Applications for Power Engineering 111 5.1 New Relay Protection Technology 111 5.2 Hybrid Over-Current Protection Relay "Quasitron" Series 113 5.3 Arc Protection Device for Switchboard 6 - 24 kV 121 5.4 Automatic Reset Short Circuit Indicator for 6 - 24 kV Bus Bars 123 5.5 High-Voltage Threshold Current Transducer 125 5.6 Single-Phase Ground Faults Protection 131 5.7 Ground Circuit Fault Indicator for Underground HV Cable Network 134 5.8 Current Transformers Protection from Secondary Circuit Disconnection 139 5.9 Protection Against Ferroresonance in Voltage Transformers 142 5.10 HV Indicators for Switchgears and Switchboards 145 5.11 High-Speed Voltage Unbalance Relay 152 5.12 Device for Protection of Electrical Networks with Insulated Neutral from Voltage Spikes, Producing by Commutation Apparatus 156 6 Applications for Powerful Radio-Electronic Equipment 159 6.1 A Special Commutation Device for Unattended Booster Stations 159 6.2 System Protection for Powerful Radar 165 6.3 Protection System for Powerful Industrial Lasers 173 7 High-Voltage Devices for Industrial Applications 177 7.1 Automatic High-Voltage Circuit Breakers 177 7.2 High-Voltage Laboratory Power Supply 183 7.3 Power Relay with Protective Contacts (REPROCON) 185 7.4 The Use of High-Voltage RG-series Relays in Electro-Physical Installations 188 Appendix A: Selected Publications by the Author 191 Appendix B: Some Types of RG-relays with a Special Characteristics 201 Contents ix Appendix C: Environmental Tests of RG-relays for MIL-STD-202 Requirements 211 Appendix D: Components Recommended for Use in HV Protection Devices 215 Dl Reed Switches 216 D2 Solid State Modules 221 D3 High-Voltage Thyristors 232 D4 High-Voltage High Power Transistors 236 D5 Low-Voltage Electromagnetic Relays 242 D6 Connectors 265 D7 HV Cables and Cable Assemblies 269 D8 Capacitors DC/AC 273 Appendix £: Insulation Materials for Production of RG-relays 279 Appendix F: Engineering Equations for Calculations of Magnetic Conductivity in Magnetic Circuits and Electrical Fields for Some Forms of Electrodes 285 Index 291