Encyclopedia of animal science

Adaptation and Stress: Animal State of Being 1 -- Adaptation and Stress: Neuroendocrine, Physiological, and Behavioral Responses 5 -- Amino Acids: Metabolism and Functions 9 -- Angora Goats: Production and Management 13 -- Animal Agriculture and Social Ethics for Animals 16 -- Animal By-Products: Biological and Industrial Products 19 -- Animal Handling-Behavior 22 -- Animal Health:Diagnostics 25 -- Animal Source Food: Nutritional Value 30 -- Animal Source Food: Quality and Safety-Meat and Poultry 33 -- Animal Source Food: Quality and Safety-Milk and Eggs 36 -- Antibiotics: Microbial Resistance 39 -- Antibiotics: Subtherapeutic Levels 42 -- Antimicrobial Use in Food Animals: Potential Alternatives 45 -- Aquaculture: Production, Processing, Marketing 48 -- Aquatic Animals: Fishes-Major 52 -- Aquatic Animals: Fishes-Minor 55 -- Beef: Carcass Composition and Quality 58 -- Beef Cattle Management: Crossbreeding 61 -- Beef Cattle Management: Extensive 65 -- Beef Cattle Management: Intensive 68 -- Beef Cattle: Behavior Management and Well-Being 71 -- Beef Cattle: Breeds and Genetics 74 -- Beef Cattle: Housing 77 -- Beef Cattle: Marketing 81 -- Beef Cattle: Nutritional Management 85 -- Beef Cattle: Reproduction Management 88 -- Behavior: Aberrant 91 -- Behavior: Feeding 94 -- Behavior: Maternal 97 -- Behavior: Reproductive 101 -- Beta Adrenergic Agonists 104 -- Bioavailability: Amino Acids 108 -- Bioavailability: Energy 111 -- Bioavailability: Fat-Soluble Vitamins 115 -- Bioavailability: Mineral Elements 117 -- Bioavailability: Water-Soluble Vitamins 120 -- Biodiversity: Germplasm Banks 124 -- Biodiversity: Grazing Management 127 -- Biotechnology: Artificial Insemination 130 -- Biotechnology: Cloning Animals 133 -- Biotechnology: Embryo Technology for Cattle 136 -- Biotechnology: Genetically Modified Feeds 139 -- Biotechnology: Sexing Sperm 143 -- Biotechnology: Stem Cell and Germ Cell Technology 146 -- Biotechnology: Transgenic Animals 149 -- Biotechnology: Xenotransplantation 152 -- Body Composition: Breed and Species Effects 155 -- Body Composition: Chemical Analysis 159 -- Body Composition: Genetic Influence 163 -- Body Composition: Indirect Measurement 166 -- Body Composition: Linear Dimensions 170 -- Body Composition: Nutritional Influence 174 -- Body Composition: Technical Options for Change 177 -- By-Product Feeds: Animal Origin 180 -- By-Product Feeds: Plant Origin 184 -- Camelids 187 -- Carcass Composition and Quality: Genetic Influence 191 -- Carcass Composition and Quality: Postmortem 195 -- Channel Catfish 198 -- Chickens: Behavior Management and Well-Being 202 -- Chickens: Broiler Housing 205 -- Chickens: Broiler Nutrition Management 208 -- Chickens: Broiler Reproduction Management 211 -- Chickens: Layer Health Management 215 -- Chickens: Layer Housing 219 -- Chickens: Layer Nutrition Management 222 -- Chickens: Layer Reproduction Management 225 -- Colostrum 229 -- Competition for Land Use: Agricultural/Urban Interface 232 -- Conjugated Linoleic Acid 235 -- Contributions to Society: Biomedical Research Models 239 -- Contributions to Society: Companions and Pleasure 242 -- Contributions to Society: Conversion of Feed to Food 245 -- Contributions to Society: Draft and Transport 248 -- Contributions to Society: Improved Animal Source Foods 251 -- Contributions to Society: Manure-Fertilizer/Fuel, Developed Countries 254 -- Contributions to Society: Slaughter By-Products 258 -- Dairy Cattle: Behavior Management and State of Being 261 -- Dairy Cattle: Breeding and Genetics 264 -- Dairy Cattle: Health Management 268 -- Dairy Cattle: Nutrition Management 272 -- Dairy Cattle: Reproduction Management 275 -- Deer and EIk 279 -- Digesta Processing and Fermentation 282 -- Digestion and Absorption of Nutrients 285 -- Disease Resistance: Genetics 288 -- Diseases: Metabolic Disorders of Ruminants 291 -- Domestication of Animals 294 -- Ducks: Health Management 297 -- Ducks: Nutrition Management 300 -- Ecology and Environment: Issues 303 -- Egg Products: Retail, Catering and Food Service Products 306 -- Eggs: Marketing 311 -- Eggs: Pricing 314 -- Eggs: Processing, Inspection, and Grading 317 -- Egg Products: Industrial Egg Products 320 -- Eggs: Shell Egg Products 325 -- Embryo Transfer in Farm Animals 329 -- Environment: Accommodations for Animals 332 -- Environment: Effects on Animal Health 335 -- Environmental Pollutants 338 -- Estrous Cycle: Cattle, Sheep, Goat 342 -- Estrous Cycle: Mare, Sow 345 -- Estrus Synchronization: Cattle 349 -- Estrus Synchronization: Horses, Pigs, Sheep, and Goats 353 -- Farm Animal Welfare: Philosophical Aspects 356 -- Feed Quality: External Flow Markers 359 -- Feed Quality: Natural Plant Markers-Alkanes 362 -- Feed Quality: Natural Plant Markers-Indigestible Fiber 365 -- Feed Supplements: Antibiotics 369 -- Feed Supplements: Crystalline Vitamins 372 -- Feed Supplements: Enzymes, Probiotics, Yeasts 376 -- Feed Supplements: Mineral Salts 379 -- Feed Toxicants 384 -- Feedstuffs: High-Energy Sources 387 -- Feedstuffs: Nonconventional Energy Sources 390 -- Feedstuffs: Protein Sources 393 -- Female Reproduction: Anatomy and Physiology 398 -- Female Reproduction: Endocrine System 404 -- Female Reproduction: Maternal-Fetal Relationship 408 -- Fertilization 411 -- Fiber-Producing Animals 414 -- Forages: Grasses 417 -- Forages: Legumes 421 -- Forages: Shrubs and Forbs 425 -- Fur and Mink 429 -- Future of Animal Agriculture: Demand for Animal Products 432 -- Future of Animal Agriculture: Market Strategies 436 -- Future of Animal Agriculture: Urban/Rural Agriculture Ecosystems 440 -- GI Tract: Anatomical and Functional Comparisons 445 -- GI Tract: Animal/Microbial Symbiosis 449 -- Geese 453 -- Gene Action, Types of 456 -- Gene Mapping 459 -- Genetics: Mendelian 463 -- Genetics: Molecular 466 -- Genomics 469 -- Goat Meat: Carcass Composition/Quality 472 -- Goat Milk: Composition, Characteristics 474 -- Goat Milk Products: Quality, Composition, Processing, Marketing 478 -- Goats: Behavior, Stress, and Management 482 -- Goats: Breeding and Genetics 486 -- Goats: Breeds 489 -- Goats: Health Management 492 -- Goats: Nutrition Management 496 -- Grazing Practices, Soil Conservation 499 -- Growth and Development: Avian Embryos 502 -- Growth and Development: Cell Differentiation 505 -- Growth and Development: Mammalian Fetus 510 -- Growth and Development: Postnatal 513 -- Hormones: Anabolic Agents 517 -- Hormones: Protein 520 -- Hormones: Steroid 523 -- Horse: Nutrition Management 528 -- Horses: Behavior Management and Well-Being 531 -- Horses: Breeds/Breeding/Genetics 534 -- Horses: Reproduction Management 536 -- Immune System: Nutrition Effects 541 -- Immune System: Stress Effects 544 -- Immunity: Acquired 548 -- Immunity: Innate 552 -- Implantation 555 -- International Animal Germplasm Exchange 559 -- Lactation, Land Mammals, Species Comparisons 562 -- Lactation, Marine Mammals, Species Comparisons 565 -- Lamb: Carcass Composition and Quality 568 -- Lamb: International Marketing 571 -- Lamb: U.S. Marketing 575 -- Lipids 578 -- Livestock Breeds 582 -- Lower Digestive Tract Microbiology 585 -- Male Reproduction: Physiological Comparisons 588 -- Mammals: Carnivores 591 -- Mammals: Nonruminant Herbivores 593 -- Mammals: Omnivores 597 -- Mammals: Ruminants 599 -- Mammary Glands: Developmental Changes 603 -- Mathematical Models: Metabolism 606 -- Mathematical Models: Population Dynamics 609 -- Mathematical Models: Production Systems 612 -- Mating Systems 615 -- Meat Quality in Carcasses: Visual Appraisal 619 -- Meat Quality in Cattle: Live Evaluation 622 -- Milk Composition, Species Comparisons 625 -- Milk Synthesis 629 -- Milk Yield Differences 632 -- Mineral Elements: Macro 635 -- Mineral Elements: Micro (Trace) 638 -- Mitosis and Meiosis 642 -- Mohair: Biology and Characteristics 645 -- Mohair: Production and Marketing 649 -- Molecular Biology: Animal 653 -- Molecular Biology: Microbial 657 -- Myostatin: Physiology and Applications 661 -- Nutrient Management: Diet Modification 664 -- Nutrient Management: Water Quality/Use 667 -- Nutrient Requirements: Carnivores 670 -- Nutrient Requirements: Nonruminant Herbivores 674 -- Nutrient Requirements: Ruminants 678 -- Omega-3 and -6 Fatty Acids 681 -- Ontogeny: Adipose Tissue 684 -- Ontogeny: Muscle 688 -- Ontogeny: Skeleton 692 -- Overall Contributions of Domestic Animals to Society 696 -- Pathogens in Animal Products: Major Biological Hazards 698 -- Pathogens in Animal Products: Sources and Control 701 -- Phytases 704 -- Placenta: Development 708 -- Placenta: Functions 712 -- Placenta: Types 716 -- Policy Issues: Local/State Land Use Regulation 719 -- Policy Issues: Rural/Urban Community Effects 722 -- Pork: Carcass Composition and Quality 725 -- Pork: Inspection/Processing/Marketing 728 -- Poultry Meat: Carcass Composition and Characteristics 731 -- Poultry Meat: Inspection/Grading 735 -- Poultry Meat: Processing 740 -- Poultry Production: Manure and Wastewater Management 744 -- Pregnancy: Maternal Response 748 -- Pregnancy: Recognition/Signaling 751 -- Probiotics 754 -- Proteins 757 -- Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) 760 -- Ratites: Biology, Housing, and Management 763 -- Ratites: Nutrition Management 767 -- Religious Foods: Jewish and Muslim Laws for Animal Slaughter/Welfare 770 -- Rumen Microbiology 773 -- Salmon 777 -- Selection: Marker Assisted 781 -- Selection: Traditional Methods 784 -- Sheep: Breeding/Genetics-Improving Meat Production 787 -- Sheep: Health Management 791