Sound and vibrations of positive displacement compressors

INTRODUCTION General The Compression Process Valves Suction and Discharge Manifolds and Pipes Casing Hermetic Housing Shell Vibration Isolation Springs Oil Sump OVERVIEW OF NOISE SOURCE AND TRANSMISSION MECHANISMS BY TYPE OF COMPRESSOR Reciprocating Compressors Rotary Vane Compressor Rolling Piston Compressors Scroll Compressor Screw Compressor NATURAL FREQUENCIES AND MODES OF COMPRESSOR HOUSINGS Equations of Motion Boundary Conditions Natural Frequencies and Modes Further Simplification Vibration Localization at End Caps COMPRESSOR HOUSINGS THAT ARE NOT AXISYMMETRIC Mode Splitting Caused by a Mass or Stiffness Mode Splitting Caused by Ovalness Example of Experimentally Obtained Housing Modes MODIFICATIONS OF HOUSING NATURAL FREQUENCIES AND MODES Stiffening of Compressor Housing The Influence of Residual Stresses FORCED VIBRATION OF COMPRESSOR HOUSING (SHELL) Modal Series Expansion Model Steady-State Harmonic Response Housing Dynamics in Terms of Modal Mass, Stiffness, Damping, and Forcing Steady-State Response of Shells to Periodic Forcing Remarks About Dissipative Damping Dynamic Absorbers Friction Damping FREE AND FORCED VIBRATIONS OF COMPRESSOR CASINGS The Three-Dimensional Equations of Motion for an Elastic Solid Free and Forced Vibrations Steady-State Harmonic Response Response of the Casing to Impact Steady-State Response of the Compressor Casing to Periodic Forcing VIBRATIONS OF OTHER STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS OF A COMPRESSOR Vibration and Force Transmission of Discharge or Suction Tubes Vibration Isolation Considering Idealized Springs Surging in Coil Springs Interfering with Vibration Isolation SOUND AND VIBRATION OF COMPRESSOR VALVES Remarks About Types of Compressors and Their Valving A Simplified Approach to Understanding Valve Design Useful Valve Calculations Valve Dynamics Stresses in Valves SUCTION OR DISCHARGE SYSTEM GAS PULSATIONS AND MUFFLERS Reducing Valve Noise Reactive Mufflers Using the Helmholtz Simplification The Continuous System Approach Applied to Tubelike Compressor Suction and Discharge Manifolds Typical Behavior of Simple Compressor Suction or Discharge Mufflers MULTIDIMENSIONAL COMPRESSOR SOUND Three-Dimensional Acoustic Wave Equation Sound Radiation from the Compressor Housing (or Casing) Gas Pulsations in the Cavity between the Compressor Casing and Housing REMARKS ON SOUND AND VIBRATION MEASUREMENTS AND SOURCE IDENTIFICATION Rooms for Measuring Sound Repeatability of Measurements Identification of Sound and Vibration Mechanisms MISCELLANEOUS SOUND AND VIBRATION SOURCES OR EFFECTS Electromotors Lubrication Oil REFERENCES INDEX