Catalyst separation, recovery and recycling : chemistry and process design

Cover -- TABLE OF CONTENTS -- CHAPTER 1 HOMOGENEOUS CATALYSIS -- ADVANTAGES AND PROBLEMS -- 1.1 Catalysis -- 1.2 Catalyst Stability -- 1.2.1 THERMALLY INDUCED DECOMPOSITION -- 1.2.2 CHEMICALLY INDUCED DECOMPOSITION -- 1.2.3 PHYSICAL LOSS FROM THE PROCESS -- 1.3 Layout of the Book -- 1.4 References -- CHAPTER 2 CLASSICAL HOMOGENEOUS CATALYST SEPARATION TECHNOLOGY -- 2.1.1 Coverage of Chapter -- 2.2 General Process Considerations -- 2.3 Everything is a Reactor -- 2.4 Overview of Separation Technologies -- 2.4.1 TRADITIONAL COBALT WITH CATALYST DECOMPOSITION -- 2.4.2 UNION CARBIDE-DAVY GAS RECYCLE PROCESS -- 2.4.3 LIQUID RECYCLE -- 2.4.4 BIPHASIC SYSTEMS; WATER-ORGANIC -- 2.4.5 INDUCED PHASE SEPARATION -- 2.4.6 NON-AQUEOUS PHASE SEPARATION -- 2.5 Hypothetical processes -- How Might the Product be Separated from the Catalyst? -- 2.5.1 PROPENE HYDROFORMYLATION -- 2.5.2 1-OCTENE HYDROFORMYLATION -- 2.5.3 ALLYL ALCOHOL -- 2.5.4 METHOXYVINYLNAPHTHALENE -- 2.5.5 SEPARATION TECHNOLOGY FOR LESS STABLE CATALYSTS -- 2.6 Real-World Complications -- 2.6.1 ORGANOPHOSPHORUS LIGAND DEGRADATIONS -- 2.6.2 SEPARATING BYPRODUCTS FROM REACTANTS OR PRODUCTS -- 2.6.3 INTRINSIC CATALYST DEACTIVATION -- 2.7 Further Separation Challenges -- 2.7.1 RECOVERY OF METAL VALUES FROM A SPENT CATALYST -- 2.8 Concluding Remarks -- 2.9 References -- CHAPTER 3 SUPPORTED CATALYSTS -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Short Historical Overview -- 3.3 Polystyrene Supported Catalysts -- 3.4 Silica Supported Catalyst -- 3.5 Catalysis in Interphases -- 3.6 Ordered Mesoporous Support -- 3.7 Non-covalently Supported Catalysts -- 3.8 Supported Aqueous Phase Catalysis -- 3.9 Process Design [71] -- 3.10 Concluding Remarks -- 3.11 References -- CHAPTER 4 SEPARATION BY SIZE-EXCLUSION FILTRATION -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Reactors -- 4.2.1 DEAD-END FILTRATION REACTORS -- 4.2.2 CROSS-FLOW FILTRATION REACTORS -- 4.3 Membranes -- 4.3.1 CLASSIFICATION OF FILTRATION TYPES -- 4.3.2 MEMBRANE MATERIALS -- 4.4 Dendrimer Supported Catalysts -- 4.4.1 KHARASCH ADDITION REACTION -- 4.4.2 ALLYLIC SUBSTITUTION REACTIONS -- 4.4.3 HYDROVINYLATION REACTION -- 4.4.4 HYDROGENATION REACTION -- 4.4.5 MICHAEL ADDITION REACTION -- 4.5 Dendritic Effects -- 4.6 Unmodified or Non-dendritic Catalysts -- 4.6.1 HYDROGENATION -- 4.6.2 PHASE TRANSFER CATALYSIS -- 4.7 Soluble Polymer Supported Catalysts -- 4.8 Concluding Remarks -- 4.9 References -- CHAPTER 5 BIPHASIC SYSTEMS: WATER -- ORGANIC -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Immobilization with the Help of Liquid Supports -- 5.2.1 GENERAL -- 5.2.2 BIPHASIC SYSTEMS -- 5.2.3 AQUEOUS BIPHASIC CATALYSIS -- 5.2.4 EXAMPLES OF AQUEOUS BIPHASIC CATALYSIS --tidtid634.