Ultraviolet light in food technology : principles and applications

Principles and Applications of UV Technology; Basic Principles of UV Light Technology; Propagation of UV Light; Application Guidance in Food Processing; Current Status of US and International Regulations; Sources of UV Light; Introduction; Mercury-Emission Lamps; Amalgam UV Lamps; Special Lamp Technologies; Guidelines for Choice of Lamp Technology; Characterization of Foods in Relation to UV Treatment; Terms and Definitions; Analytical Measurements; Absorptive and Physicochemical Properties of Liquid Foods; Food Solids and Surfaces; Conclusions; Microbial Inactivation by UV Light; Mechanisms of Microbial Inactivation by UV Light; UV Sensitivity of Pathogenic and Spoilage Food-Borne Microorganisms; UV Sensitivity of Waterborne Pathogens; UV Sensitivity of Food-Borne Pathogens; UV Inactivation Kinetics and Competitive Effects in Foods: Absorbance, pH, Solids, and Other Components; Methods to Measure, Quantify, and Mathematically Model UV; Inactivation; Efficacy of Low-Pressure, High-Intensity Lamp for Inactivation of Food Pathogen; Conclusions; UV Processing Effects on Quality of Foods; Basic Considerations; Chemistry of the Photodegradation of Organic Compounds; Shelf Life and Quality Changes in Fresh Juices; Effects of UV Light on Degradation of Essential Vitamins; Effect of UV Processing on Milk Quality; Shelf Life and Quality Changes in Fresh Produce; Degradation and Formation of Chemical Compounds in Foods; Conclusions; Transport Phenomena in UV Processing; UV Irradiance in Liquid Foods; General Hydraulic Condition; UV Process Calculations for Food Applications; Establishment of Specifications for Preservation; Delivery of the Scheduled Process; Measurement of UV Dose Delivery; Conclusions; Reactor Designs for the UV Treatment of Liquid Foods; Laminar Flow in Concentric Cylinders; Turbulent Flow in Concentric Cylinders; Taylor--Couette Flow in Concentric Cylinders; Comparison of Disinfection in Concentric Cylinders; Turbulent Channel Flow; Dean Flow Reactor; Evaluation of UV Reactor Design; UDF Source C Codes; Principles of Validation of UV Light Pasteurization; Validation Concept; Validation at Different Phases of Process Development--Scale-Up; Process; Key Components of Validation Procedures; Conclusions; Pulsed-Light Treatment: Principles and Applications; Description of Pulsed-Light Treatment; Inactivation of Microorganisms by Pulsed-Light Treatment; Applications of Pulsed-Light Treatment; Future Prospects of Pulsed-Light Treatment in the Food Industry; References appear at the end of each chapter.