Industrial archaeology and the plurality of power : capitalism and the 19th century company town of Fayette, Michigan

Contents 1 The Plurality of Power in Industrial Capitalism: A Case Study of Fayette, Michigan.......................................................... 1 Introduction.................................................................................................. 1 The Company Town of Fayette.................................................................... 2 The Plurality of Power................................................................................. 7 Summary...................................................................................................... 10 2 Working Communities and the Victorian-American Company Town.......................................................................................... 11 Introduction.................................................................................................. 11 Working Communities and Industrial Capitalism........................................ 12 The Reorganization of Work................................................................... 12 Technologically Centered Communities, Company Towns, and Paternalism.......................................................... 14 Fayette, Michigan: An Iron Town in the Gilded Age.................................. 16 Nineteenth-Century Iron Production ...................................................... 17 The Cultural Geography of American Iron Towns................................. 19 American Communities in the Gilded Age............................................. 21 Research at Fayette...................................................................................... 22 Histories, Park Management Plans, and Archival Resources.................. 23 Analysis of Landscape and Built Environment....................................... 24 Archaeological Research......................................................................... 24 Summary...................................................................................................... 30 3 Critically Reading Power, Landscapes, Documents, and Artifacts in Industrialized Society.................................................... 31 Introduction.................................................................................................. 31 Theorizing Power......................................................................................... 31 Structural Power, Class, and Hegemony................................................. 33 Power, the Individual, and the Body....................................................... 36 Status, Noneconomic Capital, and Identity............................................. 39 Related Theories of Power...................................................................... 41 viii Contents Theorizing Documents, Built Environment, and Consumerism.................. 44 Critically Reading Historical Documents............................................... 44 Critically Reading Landscapes and Built Environments......................... 46 Critically Reading Consumerism Through Historical Artifacts.............. 50 Summary...................................................................................................... 54 4 Paternalism, Resistance, and Hegemony................................................. 57 Introduction.................................................................................................. 57 Corporate Paternalism.................................................................................. 57 Paternalism in Services and Benefits...................................................... 58 Paternalism in the Landscape: Green Engineering................................. 68 Hegemony and Resistance........................................................................... 70 Summary...................................................................................................... 76 5 The Class System........................................................................................ 77 Introduction.................................................................................................. 77 Class and the Built Environment................................................................. 78 Assessing Class-Based Neighborhoods.................................................. 78 Upper-, Middle-, and Working-Class Housing....................................... 85 Class and Consumerism............................................................................... 94 Faunal Remains....................................................................................... 94 Edible Fruits............................................................................................ 98 Glass Bottles and Jars.............................................................................. 99 Ceramics.................................................................................................. 100 Summary...................................................................................................... 102 6 Biopower: Discipline, Symbolic Violence, and the Privilege of Hygiene..................................................................... 105 Introduction.................................................................................................. 105 Health, Biopolitics, and the Privilege of Hygiene....................................... 106 Living Conditions and Exposure to Waste.............................................. 106 Incidence of Human Intestinal Parasites................................................. 108 Medicines and Medical Paraphernalia.................................................... 109 Bodily Discipline, Panopticism, and Symbolic Violence............................ 113 Legislative Documents............................................................................ 113 Disciplinary Institutions, Panopticism, and Surveillance........................ 115 Symbolic Violence and the Freedom of Daily Improvisation................. 119 Summary...................................................................................................... 123 7 Social Status and Intersectional Identities: Consumer Behavior, Gender, and Immigration...................................... 125 Introduction.................................................................................................. 125 Consumer Behavior..................................................................................... 126 Dining Practices, Genteel Play, and Social Status.................................. 127 Contents ix Victorian Health Practices and Medical Fetishism................................. 133 Gender Identity and Power.......................................................................... 137 Working Women and Men...................................................................... 138 Gender in Local Narratives..................................................................... 142 Ethnicity and Immigration........................................................................... 145 Nativity of Fayette Residents.................................................................. 146 Intersectionality and Mobility in Immigrants’ Narratives....................... 149 Summary...................................................................................................... 151 8 Symbolic, Cultural, and Social Capital.................................................... 153 Introduction.................................................................................................. 153 Work-Related Voluntary Organizations....................................................... 156 Independent Order of Odd Fellows......................................................... 156 Fayette Agricultural Society.................................................................... 158 Entertainment Organizations....................................................................... 158 Horse Racing and Baseball..................................................................... 158 Fayette Coronet Band.............................................................................. 159 Religious Congregations and Genteel Socializing....................................... 162 Religious Congregations......................................................................... 162 Socializing in the Home.......................................................................... 163 Education and Literacy................................................................................ 166 Traditional and Charismatic Authority of Individuals................................. 170 Summary...................................................................................................... 171 9 Conclusion: Power and Industrial Capitalism, Past and Present......................................................................................... 173 Introduction.................................................................................................. 173 Hierarchical Power and Class...................................................................... 174 Paternalism, Resistance, and Hegemony..................................................... 175 Power and the Body..................................................................................... 177 Social Status and Intersectional Identities................................................... 180 Noneconomic Capital................................................................................... 182 Conclusions.................................................................................................. 184 References......................................................................................................... 187 Index.................................................................................................................. 207