Computed tomography of the cardiovascular system

List of Contributors vii Foreword xi Preface xiii Acknowledgments xv Introduction 1 History of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography 1 Martin J Lipton 2 Physics of and Approaches to Cardiovascular Computed Tomography 17 Marc Kachelrieß 3 Radiation Dose in Computed Tomography 27 Michael F McNitt-Gray Clinical Cardiovascular Computed Tomography 4 Cardiovascular Computed Tomography: 39 A Clinical Perspective Mario J Garcia 5 Computed Tomographic Anatomy of the Heart 53 Amgad N Makaryus and Lawrence M Boxt 6 Pathology of Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis: Aspects Relevant to Cardiac Imaging 79 Dylan V Miller 7 Complementary Roles of Computed Tomography and Myocardial Perfusion Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography 89 Daniel S Berman, Leslee J Shaw, and Alan Rozanski Coronary Artery Calcium Scanning 8 Measurement of Coronary Artery Calcium by Computed Tomography 107 Thomas C Gerber, Christoph R Becker and Birgit Kantor 9 Coronary Calcium Scanning for the Prediction of Coronary Stenoses in Symptomatic Patients 119 Andreas Knez 10 Coronary Artery Calcification and Prediction of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events 129 Leslee J Shaw, Paolo Raggi, Matthew J Budoff, and Daniel S Berman 11 Progression of Coronary Artery Calcium and its Pharmacologic Modification 143 Axel Schmermund and Raimund Erbel Computed Tomographic Coronary Angiography 12 How to Perform and Interpret Computed Tomography Coronary Angiography 155 Nico R Mollet, Niels Van Pelt, Willem B Meijboom, Annick Weustink, Francesca Pugliese, Filippo Cademartiri, Koen Nieman, Gabriel P Krestin, and Pim J de Feyter 13 Computed Tomographic Angiography for the Detection of Coronary Artery Stenoses 163 Fabian Bamberg, Shawn DeWayne Teague, and Udo Hoffmann 14 Computed Tomographic Angiography of Coronary Artery Anomalies 179 Phillip M Young, Ronald S Kuzo and Thomas C Gerber 15 Noninvasive Evaluation of Coronary Artery Bypass Grafts with Multislice Computed Tomography 193 Christof Burgstahler, Anja Reimann, Harald Brodoefel, Martin Heuschmid Andreas F Kopp, and Stephen Schroeder 16 Assessment of Coronary Artery Stents by Coronary Computed Tomographic Angiography 201 David Maintz and Harald Seifarth Other Applications of Cardiac and Coronary Computed Tomography 17 Computed Tomography of the Myocardium, Pericardium, and Cardiac Chambers 211 James F Glockner 18 Assessment of Global and Regional Left Ventricular Function by Computed Tomography 229 Kai Uwe Juergens, Walter Heindel, and Roman Fischbach 19 Assessment of Heart Valve Disease by Computed Tomography 243 R van Lingen, N Manghat, C Roobottom, and G Morgan-Hughes 20 Multislice Computed Tomography Evaluation of Congenital Heart Disease 261 Robert C Gilkeson, Kenneth G Zahka, and Ernest S Siwik 21 Computed Tomographic Imaging of the Cardiac and Pulmonary Veins: Role in Electrophsyiology 273 Kalpathi L Venkatachalam and Peter A Brady 22 Extracardiac Findings on Cardiac Computed Tomographic Imaging 291 Karen M Horton and Elliot K Fishman Peripheral Computed Tomographic Angiography 23 Computed Tomographic Angiography: Technical Considerations 297 Jacobo Kirsch, Eric E Williamson, and Dominik Fleischmann 24 Computed Tomographic Angiography of the Thoracic Aorta 307 Brad Thompson and Edwin J R van Beek 25 Computed Tomography for Pulmonary Embolism 321 Philip A Araoz 26 Computed Tomographic Angiography of the Abdominal Aorta and Iliac Arteries 337 Eric E Walser 27 Mesenteric and Renal Computed Tomographic Angiography 353 Fred M Moeslein, Eric E Williamson, and Dominik Fleischmann 28 Computed Tomographic Arteriography of the Upper and Lower Extremities 367 Jeffrey C Hellinger 29 Computed Tomographic Angiography of the Cervical Neurovasculature 391 Felix E Diehn and Paul Lindell Investigational and Future Uses of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography 30 Cardiovascular Computed Tomography: A Research Perspective 407 Yue Dong and Erik L Ritman 31 Computed Tomographic Coronary Angiography for Subclinial Coronary Artery Disease, Coronary Artery Remodeling, and Plaque Imaging 417 Paul Schoenhagen 32 Imaging of Myocardial Viability and Infarction 429 Andreas H Mahnken and Arno Buecker 33 Computed Tomography for the Assessment of Myocardial Perfusion 441 Richard T George, Albert C Lardo, and Joao A C Lima 34 Dual-Energy Computed Tomography 451 Bernhard Schmidt and Cynthia McCollough 35 Hybrid Imaging Combining Cardiovascular Computed Tomography with Positron Emission Tomography 463 Roman Fischbach, Klaus Schäfers, and Kai Uwe Juergens 36 Full-Field Cardiac Imaging using Ultra-High Resolution Flat-Panel Volume-Computed Tomography 473 Rajiv Gupta, Soenke H Bartling, Mannudeep K Kalra, and Thomas J Brady 37 Micro Computed Tomography 491 Marc Kachelrieß 38 Imaging of Plaques and Vasa Vasorum with Micro-computed Tomography: Towards an Understanding of Unstable Plaque 499 Alexander C Langheinrich