Antidepressants, antipsychotics, anxiolytics : from chemistry and pharmacology to clinical application

Preface 1. Preface 2. A view from Esteve. Dedication and Acknowledgements. List of Contributors. Glossary. VOLUME 1. 1 Depressive Disorders. 1.1 Introductory and Basic Aspects. Neurobiology of Mood Disorders (Luz Romero, Ana Montero, Begona Fernandez and Jose M. Vela). 1.1.1 Definition of mood disorders, impact on a global scale and unmet needs. 1.1.2 Causes and associations in mood disorders: genetics and pharmacogenetics. 1.1.3 Pathogenesis of mood disorders. 1.1.4 Concluding remarks. References. 1.2 Clinics. Clinical Aspects of Depressive Disorders (Rosario Perez-Egea, Victor Perez, Dolors Puigdemont and Enric Alvarez). 1.2.1 Introduction. 1.2.2 Classification. 1.2.3 Epidemiology. 1.2.4 Physiopathology. 1.2.5 Treatment of affective disorders. References. Preface 2. 1.3 Pharmacology. Pharmacotherapy of Depression (Begona Fernandez, Luz Romero and Ana Montero). 11.3.1 Introduction. 1.3.2 Current antidepressant treatments. 1.3.3 New strategies for antidepressant treatments. 1.3.4 Concluding remarks. References. 1.4 Experimental Research. Modeling Human Depression by Animal Models (Ana Montero, Begona Fernandez and Luz Romero). 1.4.1 Introduction. 1.4.2 Types of validity. 1.4.3 Animal models of depression. 1.4.4 Some concluding remarks. References. 1.5 Chemistry. Marketed Drugs and Drugs in Development (Jorg Holenz, Jose Luis Diaz and Helmut Buschmann). 1.5.1 Summary of drug classes. 1.5.2 Tricyclic and tetracyclic antidepressants. 1.5.3 Serotonergic agents. 1.5.4 Noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors. 1.5.5 Monoamine oxidase inhibitors. 1.5.6 Miscellaneous agents. 1.5.7 Compounds launched in single countries. 1.5.8 New opportunities for marketed drugs. 1.5.9 Summary of antidepressants in development. References. 2 Schizophrenia and Other Psychoses. 2.1 Introductory and Basic Aspects. Current Status and Challenges in Schizophrenia Research (Francesc Artigas). 2.1.1 Introduction. 2.1.2 Clinical diagnosis and assessment of schizophrenia. 2.1.3 Epidemiology. 2.1.4 Course of schizophrenia. 2.1.5 Brain pathology in schizophrenia. 2.1.6 Pathogenesis and pathophysiology of schizophrenia. 2.1.7 Concluding remarks. References. 2.2 Clinics. Schizophrenia: A Clinical Review (Salvador Ros and Francisco Javier Arranz). 2.2.1 Introduction. 2.2.2 Background. 2.2.3 Epidemiology. 2.2.4 General semiology. 2.2.5 Positive symptoms in schizophrenia. 2.2.6 Negative symptoms in schizophrenia. 2.2.7 Cognitive alterations in schizophrenia. 2.2.8 Characteristics of cognitive deterioration in schizophrenia. 2.2.9 Methods to evaluate cognitive deterioration in schizophrenia. 2.2.10 Affective symptoms in schizophrenia. 2.2.11 Schizophrenia and suicide. 2.2.12 Onset and states. 2.2.13 Etiopathogeny. 2.2.14 Prognosis. 2.2.15 Schizophrenia therapy. References. 2.3 Pharmacology. Pharmacotherapy of Schizophrenia (Analia Bortolozzi, Llorenc Diaz-Mataix and Francesc Artigas). 2.3.1 Antipsychotic drugs: introduction. 2.3.2 Atypical Antipsychotics: introduction. 2.3.3 Other major investigational approaches. 2.3.4 Concluding remarks: challenges in drug discovery. References. 2.4 Experimental Research. Modeling schizophrenia in experimental animals (Pau Celada, Anna Castane, Albert Adell and Francesc Artigas). 2.4.1 Introduction. 2.4.2 Neurophysiology of schizophrenia. 2.4.3 Pharmacological models of schizophrenia. 2.4.4 Neurodevelopmental models. 2.4.5 Genetic models. 2.4.6 Other animal models. 2.4.7 Concluding remarks. References. 2.5 Chemistry. Marketed Drugs and Drugs in Development (Antonio Parraga, Jorg Holenz and Helmut Buschmann). 2.5.1 Summary of drug classes. 2.5.2 Typical antipsychotics. 2.5.3 Atypical antipsychotics. 2.5.4 Drugs in development. References. VOLUME 2. 3 Anxiety. 3.1 Introductory and Basic Aspects. 3.1.1 Definition and classification of anxiety disorders (Francisca Lopez-Rios, Serafin Gomez-Martin and Antonio Molina-Moreno). References. 3.1.2 Epidemiology of anxiety disorders (Flor Zaldivar-Basurto and Jose M. Garcia-Montes). References. 3.1.3 Etiology of Anxiety (Margarita Moreno, Ginesa Lopez-Crespo and Pilar Flores). References. 3.1.4 Anxiety disorders and drug abuse (Diana Cardona-Mena, Margarita Moreno and Pilar Flores). References. 3.1.5 Neurobiology of anxiety (I): Panic disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, social phobia and obsessive-compulsive disorder (Lola Roldan-Tapia, Ginesa Lopez-Crespo, Francisco Antonio Nieto-Escamez and Diana Cardona-Mena). References. 3.1.6 Neurobiology of anxiety (II): Childhood anxiety, generalized anxiety disorder and mixed anxiety-depressive disorder (Francisco Antonio Nieto-Escamez, Ginesa Lopez-Crespo, Lola Roldan-Tapia and Fernando Canadas-Perez). References. 3.1.7 Consequences of anxiety on memory processes (I): Introductory and clinical aspects (Fernando Canadas-Perez, Francisco Antonio Nieto-Escamez, Lola Roldan-Tapia and Ginesa Lopez-Crespo). References. 3.1.8 Consequences of anxiety on memory processes (II): Neurobiological aspects (Francisco Nieto-Escamez, Fernando Canadas-Perez, Lola Roldan-Tapia and Fernando Sanchez-Santed). References. 3.2 Clinics. Clinical Aspects of Anxiety (Blanca Gutierrez and Jorge Cervilla). 3.2.1 Conceptual introduction. 3.2.2 Panic disorder. 3.2.3 Generalized anxiety disorder. 3.2.4 Phobic anxiety disorders. 3.2.5 Obsessive-compulsive disorder. 3.2.6 Conclusion. References. 3.3 Pharmacology. Pharmacology of Anxiety (Jose Manuel Baeyens). 3.3.1 Introduction. 3.3.2 Drugs used in treatment of anxiety disorders: an overview. 3.3.3 Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). 3.3.4 Social anxiety disorder (SAD) or social phobia. 3.3.5 Simple or specific phobia. 3.3.6 Panic disorder (PD). 3.3.7 Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). 3.3.8 Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). References. 3.4 Experimental Research. Modeling Human Anxiety by Animal Models (Enrique Portillo and Jose Miguel Vela). 3.4.1 General concepts on animal models. 3.4.2 General aspects of human anxiety. 3.4.3 Animal anxiety. 3.4.4 Potential issues in animal models of anxiety. 3.4.5 Conclusions: Implication for drug discovery. References. 3.5 Chemistry. Marketed Drugs and Drugs in Development (Monica Garcia-Lopez, Susana Yenes, Helmut Buschmann and Antoni Torrens). 3.5.1 Summary of drug classes. 3.5.2 Benzodiazepines. 3.5.3 Serotonergic drugs. 3.5.4 GABAergic agents. 3.5.5 Dopaminergic agents. 3.5.6 Serotonin reuptake stimulants. 3.5.7 5-HT2 receptor antagonists. 3.5.8 -adrenoceptor antagonists. 3.5.9 Glucocorticoid receptor antagonists. 3.5.10 GAT-1 inhibitors. 3.5.11 Calcium channel blockers. 3.5.12 No-described mechanism of action. 3.5.13 Drugs in development. References. 4 Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders. 4.1 Introductory and Basic Aspects. Neurobiological aspects of Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders (Javier Burgueno, Rafael Franco and Francisco Ciruela). 4.1.1 Definition and introductory clues. 4.1.2 Etiology of ADHD. References. 4.2 Clinics. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Clinical and Therapeutic Facts (Francisco Javier Arranz and Salvador Ros). 4.2.1 Introduction. 4.2.2 Epidemiology. 4.2.3 Etiology. 4.2.4 Pathophysiology. 4.2.5 Clinical features. References. 4.3 Pharmacology. Pharmacology: Targets of Drug Action (Francisco Ciruela, Rafael Franco and Javier Burgueno). 4.3.1 Neurobiological evidence for ADHD as an organic phenomenon. 4.3.2 Neurochemistry of ADHD: Neurotransmitter imbalance. References. 4.4 Chemistry. Marketed Drugs and Drugs in Development (Jorg Holenz, Jose Luis Diaz and Helmut Buschmann). 4.4.1 Summary of drug classes. 4.4.2 Drugs in development. References. Index.