Dexamethasone inhibits ICAM-1 and MMP-9 expression and reduces brain edema in intracerebral hemorrhagic rats
- نوع فایل : کتاب
- زبان : انگلیسی
- مؤلف : Jen-Tsung Yang & Tsong-Hai Lee & I-Neng Lee Chiu-Yen Chung & Chia-Hui Kuo & Hsu-Huei Weng
- چاپ و سال / کشور: 2011
Description
Background The molecular mechanism of hemorrhagic stroke is unclear, and the identification of therapeutic agents for attenuating post-stroke brain damage remains an unresolved challenge. Dexamethasone (DEX) is used clinically to treat spinal cord injury and brain tumor patients by reducing edema formation, but has produced conflicting results in stroke management. Methods In this study, intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) was induced in rats by intracranial stereotactic injection of collagenase into the caudate nucleus. DEX was given immediately and 3 days after ICH. The expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), nuclear factor (NF)-êB, and IêB were analyzed by Western blotting, and perihematomal edema formation was evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging. Results The results showed that ICH caused an increase of ICAM-1 and MMP-9 expression from 4 h to 7 days, which was inhibited following the administration of DEX. The perihematomal edema volume in ICH rats was high, with two peak periods at 12 h and 3 days, which was also reduced in DEX-treated groups. Furthermore, the administration of DEX not only maintained IêB in cytoplasm, but also decreased NF-êB elevation in the nucleus at 3 and 5 days in ICH rats. Conclusions In conclusion, these data show that DEX successfully reduced post-stroke brain edema by decreasing MMP-9 and ICAM-1 levels, partially through the IêB/NF-êB signaling pathway. The timing of DEX administration in relation to the onset of brain injury may be critical.
Acta Neurochir DOI 10.1007/s00701-011-1122-2 Received: 4 April 2011 / Accepted: 27 July 2011
