Vertebral Pneumatization
- نوع فایل : کتاب
- زبان : انگلیسی
- مؤلف : S. Fitzek · C. Engelmann · C. Fitzek
- چاپ و سال / کشور: 2011
Description
True pneumatization in humans is the pneumatization of paranasal sinuses and the middle ear. Besides birds [6] and dinosaurs [4] pneumatization of vertebral bodies is very rare and even intraosseous gas or trapped gas in vertebral cysts is uncommon. Less than 15 human cases were found in the literature over the last 15 years involving pneumatization at the cervical level [5, 10, 14, 15, 17, 19, 20] and most were less than 5 mm in size. Atypical pneumatization occurs more often in the skull [17] and the sacrum or lumbar spine [1, 2, 13] and of course secondary pneumatization of vertebral discs (vacuum phenomena) or facet joints due to degeneration is common [1, 2, 8]. Potentially severe differential diagnoses, such as infection, trauma and gas-building metastatic lesions can be easily differentiated. Nevertheless, in magnetic resonance (MR) scan alone these lesions can be misdiagnosed as osteolytic or hypersclerotic lesions or artefacts [9, 16, 20].
Clin Neuroradiol (2011) 21:27–30 Received: 21 July 2010 / Accepted: 1 September 2010 / Published online: 13 November 2010 © Urban & Vogel 2010
