How Can the AJCC Staging System Be Improved?
- نوع فایل : کتاب
- زبان : انگلیسی
- مؤلف : Anees B. Chagpar
- چاپ و سال / کشور: 2011
Description
Although the current American Joint Commission on Cancer (AJCC) staging system is the most widely used classification scheme for the prognostication of breast cancer, recent work has offered the potential for refinement of this system. Incorporation of grade, lymphovascular invasion, and various biomarkers have all been proposed as options for improvement of primary tumor staging. In addition, there remains controversy regarding optimal staging of lymph node metastases, as the value isolated tumor cells and micrometastases, lymph node ratio, and the value of internal mammary nodes remain at issue. Finally, nuances about the location and number of distant metastases, and the amount of circulating tumor cells may differentiate patients within Stage IV disease. This review highlights recent advances in breast cancer research that may offer insight into potential ways that the AJCC staging system can be improved.
Curr Breast Cancer Rep (2011) 3:104–108 DOI 10.1007/s12609-011-0041-9 Published online: 8 March 2011
