The parallel development of ODD and CD symptoms from early childhood to adolescence
- نوع فایل : کتاب
- زبان : انگلیسی
- مؤلف : Sofia Diamantopoulou Frank C. Verhulst Jan van der Ende
- چاپ و سال / کشور: 2011
Description
This study examined the developmental relations between symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD) from early childhood to adolescence. Specifically we tested, according to parentreported problems, whether symptoms of ODD precede the development of CD symptoms, whether ODD and CD symptoms are reciprocally associated across time, or whether ODD and CD symptoms develop parallel to each other across time. Participants were a community-based sample (at time 1: N = 485, 48% boys) assessed biannually five times from age 4 to 6 until age 12–14. The findings suggested that, with control for stability effects, baseline SES, and symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, ODD and CD symptoms develop parallel to each other. No gender differences were obtained. We conclude that without the initial presence of CD symptoms, ODD symptoms are not developmental precursors to CD symptoms.
Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry (2011) 20:301–309 DOI 10.1007/s00787-011-0175-3 Received: 20 August 2010 / Accepted: 6 April 2011 / Published online: 16 April 2011
