ارزیابی فاکتورهای شکست مدیریت دانش با استفاده از رویکرد FMEA فازی شهودی Evaluating knowledge management failure factors using intuitionistic fuzzy FMEA approach

1 Introduction In the current world, competitive conditions and environments in most organizations are highly complex, variable, and wider than before so that the competitive vision changing as fast as possible and the competitive business environment are characterized today with uncertainty and lack of dynamicity [1]. In today’s organization, different trends such as globalization, deregulation, technology integration, and intermediary elimination have been put forward as the latest challenges to management [2]. In the currently turbulent world, it is difficult for organizations to reach to the position of competitive advantage. In this respect, identifying the determining factors affecting the improvement in organizational performance allows us to utilize the specific resources and competencies of organizations better and to improve our abilities to seize the future opportunities through making strategic decisions [3]. At present, knowledge underlies the value-added of many modern businesses [4]. Accordingly, in a competitive business environment, successful management knowledge requires an organization with special capabilities. As a result, an organization must be able to create, transfer, store, recover, and utilize knowledge [5]. The theory based on organizational knowledge argues that organizational knowledge is an important strategic resource to take charge of an organization effectively. Thus, it makes the shared and tacit nature of organizational knowledge, knowledge transfer, knowledge proliferation, and knowledge imitation problematic and such a resource is known as a sustainable competitive advantage [6–9]. An organization implements knowledge management in order to improve productivity and provide effective methods to use its own intellectual properties. If management knowledge is endowed with successful competition, such a competition is not a choice rather a necessity for an organization anywhere in the world [10]. Although knowledge management can be an important resource for learning the factors contributing to success [11], most organizations may have such an advantage in some activities and be deprived from this benefit in other activities. To give an example, if an organization has a complex storage mechanism but fails to produce or create knowledge, the storage mechanism is ineffective and there is no knowledge to store. Such an imbalance in each organization leads to problems among the five capabilities of knowledge [12]. Consequently, it is important for an organization to understand different obstacles of knowledge flow that can have an impact on development in the implementation of a knowledge management system. In this respect, an organization is required to examine the problems that are likely to happen in the implementation process of knowledge management [13]. This makes it possible for an organization to have enough power to implement knowledge management successfully through the exact review of the history of failures in this regard. It should be also noted that there are factors leading to failures in knowledge management projects. Such factors can inform managers of the wrong aspects of this process and even reveal issues that have been overlooked or intentionally distorted. Unawareness of managers regarding these factors can endanger management knowledge projects and finally waste organizational resources [14]. Therefore, evaluating the failure factors affecting knowledge management in organizations and planning to resolve them can provide appropriate conditions for the implementation of knowledge management in an organization.