داده کاوی در زمینه ی پولشویی ضد پولی Data mining in anti-money laundering field

1. Introduction It is difficult to determine the definition of money laundering. Latest research report of United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime estimated the figure to be some 3.6% of global GDP (2.3%-5.5%), equivalent to about US$2.1 trillion (2009), in which is included 2.7% of global GDP (2.3%-5.5%), or 1.6 trillion through the financial system.1 In the financial system, one of the methods of estimating money laundering is the suspicious transaction report (STR) which is reported to financial intelligence units (FIU). Therefore, this report focuses on how STR is created with data mining methods and utilized from the point of knowledge management. 2. Definition (1) Definition of money laundering and three stages of laundering cycles Money laundering is the conversion of criminal income into assets that cannot be traced back to the underlying crime2 . Most countries subscribe to the definition adopted by the United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (1988)(Vienna Convention) and the United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime (2000)(Palermo Convention) 3 Even though money laundering often involves a complex series of transactions that are usually difficult to separate, the following three stages are commonly used to distinguish: Placement: The initial stage of the process involves placement of illegally derived funds into the financial system, usually through a financial institutions. This can be accomplished by depositing cash into a bank account. Large amounts of cash are broken into smaller, less conspicuous amounts and deposited over time in different offices of a single financial institution or in multiple financial institutions. The exchange of one currency into another, as well as the conversion of smaller notes into large denominations, may occur at this stage. Layering: The second money laundering stage occurs after occurs after the ill-gotten gains have entered the financial system, at which point the funds, securities or insurance contracts are converted or moved to other institutions, further separating them from their criminal source. Such funds could then be used to purchase other securities, insurance contacts or other easily transferable investment instruments and then sold through yet another institutions. The separation of illicit proceeds from their sources by layers of financial transactions is intended to obfuscate.