ارزیابی تامین کنندگان زنجیره تامین پایدار با رویکرد مدلسازی ساختاری تفسیری و تحلیل فازی- MICMAC Assessing sustainable supply chain enablers using total interpretive structural modeling approach and fuzzy-MICMAC analysis

Introduction Today many businesses are endeavouring to integrate logistics in supply networks that traverse the globe, comprise several tiers of suppliers and distributors, and use different transport modes and carriers. The study first focuses on integrating the logistics function. Secondly, the emphasis is given on incorporating sustainability in integrated logistics. Thirdly various enablers are identified for making the integrated logistics sustainable. The output of this research can be directly applicable to logistics, helping managers devise strategies specifically for incorporating sustainability in the integrated logistics. This acts as a significant contribution to the competitiveness and business growth. An integrated logistics system streamlines production, execution, transportation, sorting, and services in distribution, reverse logistics, forwarding, and managing inventories. It is a paradigm that provides improved efficiencies for customer services, reduced costs and reduced lead time variability. Many industries focus and strive to optimize the overall operations involved in the supply chain by reducing the product’s delivery time, inventory holding costs and overall reduction of cost-to-market. The outbound logistics cycle starts with the physical movements of products from manufacturers to retailers and finally to the consumers who are the end-users or customers. In the current scenario, there is a massive surge of sustainability at the different level of a supply chain. The basic intent of sustainability is to establish an interaction among economy, ecology, and societal related factors. Sustainability is mapped to various supply chain drivers such as facilities, inventory, transportation, sourcing information and pricing with a goal for every firm. Green practices help in the validation of environmental issues as well as it tempts various companies to drift their service procedures from an orthodox environment to sustainable-oriented environment. Consumer durables are heterogeneous in nature and are delivered to geographically dispersed customers from manufacturers via forward processing facilities whereas the returned products are taken back from the customers and shipped to the manufacturers. This is done via collection facilities for the purpose of safe disposal of products and its recovery. Recovery of used products and their reprocessing, which includes remanufacturing, recycling, disposal, incineration, etc. not only increase operating costs, but also lead to an increase in greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions. Sustainability is used as an approach in designing green supply chain logistics. The activities of reverse logistics highly affect the operations of forward logistics such as storage spaces and transport capacities. The forward and backward movement of the product has necessitated the development of Sustainable Development Index (SDI). Hence the objective includes the identification of various enablers required for an integrated logistics of the sustainable supply chain by developing a hierarchical framework for the outbound logistics of consumer durable supply chain as shown in Figure 1. From triple bottom line sustainability can be diversified to additional ingredients such as operational and technical as shown in Figure 2.