تقاطع کارآفرینی و مدیریت استراتژیک: کارآفرینی استراتژیک The Intersection of Entrepreneurship and Strategic Management: Strategic Entrepreneurship

1. Introduction The importance of entrepreneurship which has become a popular subject today is gradually increasing day by day. Not only entrepreneurship being the dynamo of development, but also strategy and strategic thinking particularly in terms of companies has become highly important. Today’s business world has to be entrepreneurial and strategic in order to create wealth and to be competitive. In this sense, the concept of strategic entrepreneurship that is the intersection of entrepreneurship and strategic management appears as a new approach in management literature. In this study, strategic entrepreneurship is analyzed, and its importance for companies is discussed. 2. Entrepreneurship The concept of entrepreneurship stands for “the act of being an entrepreneur”, and has been derived from the French word “entreprendre” meaning “pursuing the opportunities; undertaking- embarking; meeting the needs and demands via initiating an innovation DQG ZRUN g]HU DQG 7RSDOR÷OX  $OVR WKH FRQFHSW RI entrepreneurship derived from the German word “unternehmen” stands for the act “üstlenmek” in Turkish (Güney, 2008: 55). The notion of entrepreneur has been derived from the “intare” root in Latin, “enter (introduction) and pre (first)” word roots in English and meaning “entrepreneur”, i.e. the one first initiates and starts. According to the historical records, the notion of entrepreneur was first used to express those who undertook guiding the long military journeys in the 17th century French military terminology. However, this term was first used by the economist Richard Cantillon who lived in France at the beginning of the 18th century and it was defined as “the person who buys and  As of the French economist J.B. Say, entrepreneurship has been accepted as the fourth production factor and therefore entrepreneurship has been included in such classical production factors as labor, capital and nature. However, the subject has become more important with the notion of “dynamic entrepreneur” suggested by J.Von Schumpeter. Here, dynamic entrepreneurs who apply new sales markets, new processes, new sources of supply, new products and new organization types and substitute the old one with the new one are considered as the most LPSRUWDQW DFWRUV RI HFRQRPLF JURZWK 0IWR÷OX DQG ‘XUXNDQ  &DQWLOORQ DQG .QLJKW GHILQHG WKH entrepreneurship by the characteristics of taking risk and interpreted entrepreneurship as “the process of utilizing the opportunities by taking risk for profit”. Schumpeter defined entrepreneurship according to its innovative characteristics. Kirzner defined entrepreneurship according to its opportunist characteristics. Accordingly, Kirzner defined entrepreneurship as “the entrepreneur who takes the profit opportunity and highlighted the importance of competition” (Abiyev and Özgür, 2013: 126,127).