آسیب پذیری لرزه ای ساختمانهای بتنی با ضخامت کم و متوسط در مالزی، با توجه به بارهای ثقلی Seismic Vulnerability of Low- and Mid-Rise Reinforced Concrete Buildings in Malaysia Designed by Considering Only Gravity Loads

1 Introduction Malaysian peninsula is located within a stable Sunda tectonic plate and is described by low seismicity. The main contributor to seismic hazard in Malaysian peninsula is Sumatran fault which is situated about 300–600 km away from the country [1]. However, the majority of reinforced concrete buildings in Malaysian Peninsula are designed by considering gravity and or wind loads. Damages due to 2004 Sumatra–Andaman earthquake had been reported. The earthquake felts from active Sumatran fault are also widely recorded in the recent years. Therefore, it is an urgent need to evaluate the seismic performance of the structures in order to minimize disruption and economic losses. The objective of this study is to develop analytical fragility curves of a three-story reinforced concrete office frame buildings and a four-story reinforced concrete school buildings with unreinforced masonry infill walls. These two building types representative of the essential facilities in Malaysian Peninsula are selected and structurally modeled using fiber beam–column elements and equivalent strut. The analytical model is verified through comparison with shake table tests. The seismic responses of the structures are probabilistically estimated by considering the uncertainty in seismic demand to yield the fragility curves. The analytical fragility curves developed in this study can increase the effectiveness of seismic vulnerability assessment of essential facilities of the Malaysian Peninsula. Moreover, the structural modeling approach presented in this study can effectively reduce the computational effort. Another objective of this study is to investigate the effect of soil condition on the seismic performance of the structures. The fragility curves are developed for two different soil conditions and compared to one another. This effort shows that the soil condition should not be ignored in the effective seismic vulnerability assessment. 2 Structural Systems Two representative government buildings inMalaysian Peninsula are investigated in this study: a four-story reinforced concrete school building with unreinforced masonry infill walls and a three-story reinforced concrete office frame building. ˙In different parts of Malaysian Peninsula, the majority of these two building types have the same designs produced by Public Work Department Malaysia. The structures are designed by considering only gravity loads to meet the British Standard BS8110:1997. In the following section, the details for each building type are described.