توسعه سیاست های مرتبط با نظارت بر اینترنت اشیا Development of Internet of Things-Related Monitoring Policies

Introduction Through the Internet of Things (IoT), objects such as door locks and refrigerators can be “suddenly Internet-connected, smartphone accessible, and responsive” (Businessinsider.com, 2014, p. 1). Global positioning systems, security sensors, condition sensors, near-field communication, telematics, WiFi, and other IoT-related technologies can enable organizations and individuals to make betterinformed decisions, to be more productive, and to enhance health and the quality of life. Healthcare sensors can notify medical authorities about a possible heart attack and contact other sensors in a person’s body to reduce heart attack effects (Bouge, 2014; Dutton, 2014; Johnson, 2014). IoT data can provide the basis for a company to customize a health benefit plan that aligns with workforce needs. Sensors enable managers to monitor an employee’s location, heart rate, or work activities via a cell phone or wearable device. Businesses can use IoT devices to help increase energy efficiency and the cost effectiveness of production, the quality of products, and stakeholder security (Businessinsider.com, 2014). As an example, the city of Philadelphia saved over $1 million by implementing smart garbage cans that alerted sanitation workers when a pickup was needed (Brin, 2016). When ethically used, IoT offers numerous benefits. In summary, IoT can initiate life-saving measures within our bodies, secure our homes, redirect or assess the safety of private and public transportation, collect data about activities public marketplaces, public institutions, and public spaces (Higginbotham, 2015). IoT capabilities also present risks. Users enamored with the possibilities of IoT may overlook the business and personal privacy, security, and safety risks until a critical incident occurs. Further complicating the issue, commercialization has made new IoT devices available to consumers at a faster rate than the development of measures to ensure privacy and security to accompany the devices (Brill, 2016; Smith, 2015). Individuals are often unaware of the vulnerabilities and the mass of data potentially collected (Britton, 2016). Sensor fusion enables data to be combined with two or more devices to reveal more than the device owner may intend to make available. From this fused data, inferences can be drawn, discriminatory decisions can be made, or ill-intended activities pursued (Peppet, 2014).