چطور و چه زمانی تمرکز تنظیمات تیم بر نوآوری تیم و خلاقیت اعضا تاثیر می گذارد How and when team regulatory focus influences team innovation and member creativity

Introduction Because innovation is crucial for an organization in highly competitive environments, researchers in organizational behavior and management have devoted considerable attention on how to enhance innovation (e.g., Khazanchi and Masterson, 2011; Gong, Cheung, Wang and Huang, 2012). Among other perspectives, scholars have adopted regulatory focus theory regarding promoting innovation in the workplace (e.g., Rietzschel, 2011). Two distinct modes of regulatory focus have been examined: a promotion focus, in which people are primarily focused on achievement, growth, and the realization of aspirations; and a prevention focus, in which people are primarily focused on security, safety and responsibility (Higgins, 1998; Shah, Higgins, and Friedman, 1998). Prior studies have shown that individual promotion focus has a positive relationship with individual creativity and innovative performance, but individual prevention focus has not (Wallace et al., 2016; Lam and Chiu, 2002). Recent research has showed that collective regulatory focus in a team relates to team innovation because collective regulatory focus is a contextual factor that exerts motivational influence on workplace performance (Rietzsehel, 2011; Shin, Kim, Choi, and Lee, 2016). Team promotion focus refers to a shared understanding of the extent to which a team emphasizes attaining positive outcomes (Faddegon, Scheepers, and Ellemers, 2008), which has been shown to promote team innovation; whereas, team prevention focus emphasizes avoiding negative outcomes (Faddegon et al., 2008), which may inhibit team innovation. Despite all of this accumulated knowledge, little research has been done to explore how team/collective regulatory focus can influence team innovation. Furthermore, when team innovation requires that members initially choose to engage in creative behaviors (Gong, Kim, Lee and Zhu, 2013; Somech and Drach-Zahavy, 2013), it thus begs the question of whether team regulatory focus also relates to member creativity, and if so, how. However, assuming that team regulatory focus has the same relationship with individual creativity as team regulatory focus has with team innovation is problematic, because individuals respond differently to the same workplace context (Shin, Kim, Lee, and Bian, 2012). Overall, we aim to develop and test a creativity and innovation model regarding the team-level and cross-level influence of team regulatory focus.