اینترنت لامپ ها: معماری مرجع باز و پیاده سازی سیستم های روشنایی The Internet of Lights: An Open Reference Architecture and Implementation for Intelligent Solid State Lighting Systems

1. Introduction The Internet of Things (IoT) stands for an updated vision of the Internet. It extends the Internet Protocol (IP) communication to billions of resource-constrained endpoints (‘things’) [1], such as intelligent luminaires and sensors, reaching into the physical world. Things are typically connected into resource-constrained access networks, with low power, lossy, low bitrate asymmetric links and limited group communication primitives. As a network IoT connects uniquely identifiable things to ‘regular’ Internet services and fast networks. Information about things can be collected and their states can be changed from anywhere, anytime and by anything [1]. IoT enables seamless communication, contextual services and data sharing between things and is bringing radical changes in several industries by converging multitudes of vertical markets [2]. The lighting industry is currently going through a transformation to Solid State Lighting (SSL) such as LED-based systems to enable increased control capabilities (e.g., switching and dimming) and reduced operational costs and energy consumption. However, to stimulate the transition, added value propositions are needed, which are often difficult to achieve with the existing closed and proprietary lighting standards. The fragmented standards and their restrictive Application Program Interfaces (API) often lead to incompatibilities between vendors and limit interoperability with other building services. Embracing IoT in lighting systems creates new opportunities and value propositions. IoT is now maturing, and it is economically feasible to connect each luminaire to the Internet. The transformation from traditional lighting to SSL makes it way easier to convert light points to IP end-nodes. Hence, it is an excellent opportunity to establish the Internet of Lights (IoL), i.e., an advanced lighting system with IoT at its core.