بهره برداری از درگاه های سلامت الکترونیکی هوشمند در لبه مراقبت های بهداشتی اینترنت اشیا Exploiting smart e-Health gateways at the edge of healthcare Internet-of-Things: A fog computing approach

1. Introduction Internet of Things (IoT) is getting a wide acceptance and a growing adoption in many aspects of our daily life [1, 2]. IoT technology provides a competent and structured approach to improve health and wellbeing of mankind. It is predicted that IoT-based systems will remodel the healthcare sector in terms of social benefits and penetration as well as cost-efficiency [3, 4]. Due to the ubiquitous computing nature of IoT, all the healthcare system entities (individuals, appliances, medicine) can be monitored and managed continuously. By applying IoT technologies to healthcare, the quality and cost of medical care can be improved by automating tasks previously performed by humans [5, 6, 7]. In that sense, IoT enables Electronic Health (eHealth), Mobile Health (mHealth) and Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) that allow remote monitoring and tracking of patients living alone at home or treated in hospitals, and creates a continuum among these through cloud access [4, 8]. It is no longer sufficient enough to design just standalone wearable devices, instead it becomes vital to create a complete ecosystem in which sensors in a body area network seamlessly synchronize data to cloud services through the IoT infrastructure [9, 10, 11]. The architectural elements generally needed in healthcare IoT systems (Health-IoT) are illustrated in Figure 1. The architecture includes three main components: i) body area sensor network, ii) Internet-connected gateways, and iii) cloud and big data support. Various applications provide services to different stakeholders in the system through this platform. Data generated from sensors attached to users is made available to caregivers, family members and authorized parties giving them the ability to check the subject’s vital signs from anywhere at any time.