مدیریت زنجیره تامین لجستیک معکوس در پروژه های ساختمانی Management of reverse logistics supply chains in construction projects

1. Introduction Waste management is a key environmental, social and economic issue, as well as a growing problem due to the amount of waste generated in Europe each year. Construction sector generates about 35.5% (Fig. 1a) of all waste, hence construction engineers must manage almost 871 million tons of waste a year [1]. The waste structure differs in individual EU countries, but concrete and bricks have the highest share in percent (Fig. 1b). Such obligation results from EU directives, and in Poland directly from the Waste Act 2012 of 24 December 2012 (as amended) [3] according to which a waste producer means anyone whose activities produce waste, […] as a result of providing services in the area of construction, demolition and repair of buildings, […] (Art. 3 of the Waste Act). The waste producer becomes also a waste holder, which entails numerous legal obligations, including for waste management and the related costs (Art. 22). The construction waste management process is complex, the engineer’s main tasks in that regard include planning and designing, waste collection, storage, transport, recovery or sending for disposal – understood as transfer of waste to businesses which operations include waste recovery or landfilling. Knowledge of methods and available technologies, as well as possibilities of construction waste processing is a basis to build reverse logistic chains. However, recovery is not always profitable; sometimes there are additional limiting circumstances such as time and place on site, which prevent or limit the aforementioned activities . A market research in terms of waste disposal costs is therefore also important. However, there are numerous logistic streams that can be used for waste management. After rejecting streams that cannot be implemented due to existing limitations, there are a few waste management variants worth considering which will be related to development of logistic chains.