چگونه یارانه های دولتی منجر به توسعه پایدار انرژی زیستی می شود  How government subsidy leads to sustainable bioenergy development

1. Introduction Economic development consumes various natural resources such as fossil fuels, clean water, wetland and primeval forests for which quantities are limited. Although it may not be a problem in the short-run, overdepletion and the inefficient allocation of these resources will slow the future growth rate and eliminate the possibility of future generations to obtain long-term access to such resources (Martinez et al., 2015; United Nations, 2014). For example, China is a large nation and has been rapidly growing for decades. Huge amount of resources have been extracted and utilized to improve its economic, and living standards. However, all of the gains obtained today are offset by the deterioration of the environment and the inefficient use of its resources, which is obviously not a sustainable approach (Huang et al., 2007). Therefore, to reduce these unsustainable consequences, seeking a means to ensure the sustainable and efficient development of human society has garnered tremendous attention by governments and academia. Two of the most valuable resources in the world are probably fossil fuels and the environment; all industries, sectors and governments are involved. However, fossil fuel is not a sustainable resource because of its limited stock. New energy sources must be explored in an economically feasible manner to ensure that society can constantly develop. In addition, during the production and consumption process of goods, plenty of wastes are produced and emitted, which inevitably deteriorates the environment. For example, the excessive use of fossil fuel emits significant quantities of greenhouse gases (GHG), which has been considered as a primary cause that has induced a global climate shift and resulted in the rise of the sea level and in extreme events (IPCC, 2007). Renewable energy is treated as a potential technology that can be used to overcome the problems of an insufficient energy source and a degraded environmental quality (Chen et al., 2011; Kung et al., 2013; McCarl et al., 2009) because it is produced from the utilization of renewable resources such as wind, solar and agricultural commodities; in addition, it reduce the wastes released to the environment. To make renewable energy successful, it must be economically feasible to attract producers and consumers. Thus, adequate economic incentives play an important role in the development of renewable energy. Compared with other nations, China consumes a significant portion of fossil fuels annually. This study analyzes how Chinese producers and consumers will react if renewable energy becomes a new alternative and explores how this market operation may affect renewable energy production and the environment. This study selects the Jiangxi province as the study object for several reasons. First, Poyang Lake, the largest wetland area in China, is located in Jiangxi, which is the most important water source for more than 20 million people. This lake is also crucial for environmental systems such as bio-diversification, watershed protection and forest conservation. Second, agriculture is the primary industry that engages more than 50% of residents in this area. Farmer revenue is low and suffers from an unsatisfactory living standard. This agricultural-based area provides an opportunity for bioenergy development. Third, according to the 12th five-year plan of China, there is a consensus to reduce fossil fuel consumption and GHG emissions. In accordance with this consensus, the Jiangxi government subsidizes the energy that is produced from agricultural commodities. This policy is useful to help determine how bioenergy may be affected under market operation and policy incentives.