افزودن باورهای اطلاعاتی به مدل تفکر راهبردی بازیگران Adding Informational Beliefs to the Players Strategic Thinking Model

۱٫ INTRODUCTION In game theory there exist several types of thinking models of players with bounded rationality. Among them there are the strategic reflexion/strategic thinking model and the information reflection model. The basic strategic reflexion/strategic thinking model could be modified to improve its predictive power (Novikov & Chkhartishvili 2014b). Currently these models are being actively developed in behavioral game theory as a tool to predict human’s behavior. These models have many applications in such areas as markets (Wright et al. 2012), bargaining (Wright et al. 2012), auctions (Crawford & Iriberri 2007), lotteries (Östling et al. 2011), and as a tool for control problems (Novikov & Korepanov 2012). On the other hand, they are being implemented in multiagent systems to specify the behavior of software agents which act in place of human decision-makers (Wunder 2011, Sonu 2015). The information reflexion model (Novikov & Chkhartishvili 2014a) is used for games with external parameters on which players’ utility functions depend. Players are interested to find the values of these parameters and what opponents know about the parameters and what opponents think about their opponent’s knowledge of the parameters etc. Historically, models of strategic and information reflexion have been studied independently. In this paper we propose a general model which allows describe both types of reflexion simultaneously. ۴٫ CONCLUSIONS The general model combining strategic and information reflexion is presented. It turns out that such a combination does not add more complexity; it may only increase the number of nodes of the graph of a reflexive game. We expect that the ideas and results from the models of both reflexive types will extend to this new model. This may include, for example, the common knowledge of two players (which can be represented as a double arrow in the graph of a reflexive game) or unified model of all players of the same rank (such as in level-k, cognitive hierarchies, and reflexive partitions’ models). (Novikov Chkhartishvili 2014b; Wright et al. 2012). The advantage of the model is that it describes a broader class of strategic beliefs that can be modeled in one framework. We hope that this model could be used as a tool for setting up, analyzing and visualizing agents’ strategic beliefs in multiagent systems and in game theory.