میراث معماری مسجد اندونزی Indonesia’s Mosque Architectural Heritage

ABSTRACT The Project — named Masjid2000 (meaning Mosque2000) — is an ongoing (1999 – to date) documentation and publication initiative to record the history, philosophy and technique of mosque building throughout the Indonesian Archipelago across more than six centuries, primarily intended for public education using easily-accessible digital interactive multimedia as the main dissemination platform. The result, now digitised in a CD (with a promotional website) is a searchable database of thousands of photographs, hundreds of drawings and text documents, as well as interactive animations from as many mosques. Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. UNESCO Virtual Congress, October-November 2002. © ۲۰۰۲ UNESCO WHC 1-00000-000-0/00/0000…$۵٫۰۰٫ With mosques in Java thus far completed, and if further funding is available, this pioneering project will extend to mosques in other Indonesian island groups, other architectural forms and ethno-cultural heritage objects to promote greater inter-communal/regional understanding at a critical point in the country’s recent history. The project’s recently established architectural network among tertiary educational institutions, it is hoped, will extend to cross-border collaboration on similar initiatives with like networks of architectural and heritage lovers in neighbouring Muslim communities initially, and worldwide eventually. We plan to adopt higher digital and internet technologies, such as 3D game engines and web3D collaborative communities, to develop our heritage database further and make heritage education more engaging and meaningful to an expanded audience. Keywords: mosque architecture, Islamic architecture, Indonesia, digital multimedia, virtual walkthrough, 3D game engine, web3D, heritage tourism, public education, architectural network. 1. INTRODUCTION – MASJID2000 As the world’s most populous Muslim country, mosques in Indonesia occupy a special position as the Muslim community’s most important building no matter where they may be. Unfortunately, much of the information and research about mosque architecture are archived at various educational institutions and are not easily accessible to the public. 1.1 Digital Documentation Masjid2000 is an ongoing architectural documentation project involving selected mosques from throughout the Indonesian Archipelago, begun since 1999 by a voluntary team of architecture students and teaching staff from the Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB) and other Indonesian tertiary educational institutions. It involves meticulous on-site surveys, data collection and creation (photographs, pictures and architectural drawings) across the country’s vast regional provinces. To-date the data collected includes thousands of photographs, hundreds of documents and pictures from as many mosques, and these will continue to accumulate. In line with its primary public education objective, Masjid2000 has published the results of this documentation exercise in various media formats, mainly digital (interactive CD-ROM series, and a bilingual website at www.masjid2000.org), as also conventional (books, posters and postcards too). Roving exhibitions staged publicly at strategic cultural and educational sites in five major Indonesian cities also popularised its architectural education message in a focused way to its target audience. In future, this documentation (and digital multimedia publishing) project is hoped will extend its scope to cover various other aspects of Indonesia’s many ethnic cultures. This too will help bridge the wide information divide between Java and the other Indonesian islands by pioneering the creation of virtual communication networks among the Indonesian architectural community.