Reviews of environmental contamination and toxicology. / Vol. 213

Abiotic degradation, organotins, 213: 35 Accumulation of organotins, marine invertebrates, 213: 38 Acetylcholinesterase inhibition, organotin biomarker, 213: 42 Air, environmental fate of copper, 213: 12 Air pollution, and copper speciation, 213: 12 Antifouling agent use, organotins, 213: 28 Antifouling paint use, copper, 213: 2–3 Antioxidant enzymes, lead effects (table), 213: 128 Antioxidant enzymes, lead tolerance role, 213: 127 Apoptosis, tributyltin biomarker, 213: 43 Aquatic organisms, copper effects, 213: 13 Aquatic organisms, copper toxicity (table), 213: 16 Aquatic species chemoreception, copper effects, 213: 15 Aquatic species, copper nanotoxicity, 213: 18 Aquatic species, copper osmoregulatory effects, 213: 14 Aquatic species, copper speciation, 213: 13 Aquatic species, nano- vs. bulk-copper toxicity (table), 213: 19 Aquatic species, organotin bioaccumulation, 213: 36 Aquatic species, organotin effects, 213: 29, 34 Aquatic species, organotin residues, 213: 32 Aquatic systems, organotin contamination, 213: 30 Aquatic toxicity, copper (diag.), 213: 5 Aquatic toxicity, copper oxide, 213: 15 Aquatic toxicity, pesticidal copper, 213: 1 ff. Arcachon Bay (France), oyster contaminants (table), 213: 86 Atmospheric copper, as pollutant, 213: 12 B Bay of Seine (France), mussel contaminants (table), 213: 88 Bioaccumulation of copper, fish, 213: 15 Bioaccumulation, organotins, 213: 36 Bioavailability in soil, lead, 213: 115 Bioavailability, lead speciation effects, 213: 116 Bioconcentration factors, mollusk contaminants, 213: 75 Bioconcentration of chemicals, in bivalve mollusks (table), 213: 77 Biodegradation, organotins, 213: 35 Biodistribution of copper, salinity effects, 213: 14 Biomagnification, triphenyltin, 213: 32 Biomarker role & utility, organotins, 213: 40 Biomarkers, for organotins, 213: 27 ff. Biomarkers of tributyltin, marine invertebrates, 213: 41 Biomethylation, organotins, 213: 37 Bivalve mollusk contamination, regulatory consumption thresholds (table), 213: 60 Boat paint uses, organotins, 213: 28 C Cadmium non-compliances, scallop monitoring (table), 213: 91 California annual use, cuprous oxide (illus.), 213: 4 California marina waters, copper contamination (table), 213: 20 California pesticides, copper oxide, 213: 1 Carbonate complexes, copper, 213: 9 Chemical bioconcentration, in bivalve mollusks (table), 213: 77 Chemical contaminant half-lives, in mollusks (table), 213: 80 Chemical contaminants, human effects, 213: 92 Chemical contaminants, shellfish purification effects, 213: 78 Chemical contamination, shellfish monitoring, 213: 81 Chemical hazards, shellfish and marine environment, 213: 61 Chemical monitoring, marketed shellfish, 213: 89 Chemical-physical properties, copper (table), 213: 3 Chemosensory effects, copper, 213: 15 Clay adsorption, organotins, 213: 37 Contaminant accumulation, mollusks, 213: 75 Copper, aquatic toxicity (diag.), 213: 5 Copper, aquatic toxicity, 213: 1 ff. Copper, as atmospheric pollutant, 213: 12 Copper, as biocide, 213: 2 Copper, carbonate complexes, 213: 9 Copper, chemosensory effects, 213: 15 Copper complexation, in soil, 213: 11 Copper complexation, salt and fresh water, 213: 8 Copper cycling, organic carbon link, 213: 9 Copper cycling, oxygen role, 213: 10 Copper cycling, temperature effect, 213: 10 Copper, description, 213: 2 Copper effects, aquatic organisms, 213: 13 Copper effects, aquatic species osmoregulation, 213: 14 Copper, environmental fate (diag.), 213: 5 Copper, environmental fate, 213: 4 Copper, fate in air, 213: 12 Copper fate, water salinity effects, 213: 14 Copper, fish bioaccumulation, 213: 15 Copper, geochemical cycling, 213: 9 Copper, in antifouling paints, 213: 2–3 Copper, molecular structure, 213: 2 Copper monitoring, water quality standards, 213: 19 Copper nanotoxicity, aquatic species, 213: 18 Copper, organic ligand binding, 213: 5 Copper oxide, agricultural fungicide, 213: 1 Copper oxide, aquatic toxicity, 213: 15 Copper oxide, California pesticidal uses, 213: 1 Copper oxide, fate in water, 213: 4 Copper, pesticidal uses, 213: 1 ff. Copper, physical-chemical properties (table), 213: 3 Copper pollution, distribution, 213: 11 Copper remobilization, from seawater, 213: 7 Copper, role in nature, 213: 2 Copper sequestration, salinity, 213: 7 Copper speciation, brackish water, 213: 7 Copper speciation effects, soil organic matter, 213: 12 Copper speciation, freshwater, 213: 8 Copper speciation, in air, 213: 12 Copper speciation, salt- & sea-water, 213: 6 Copper speciation, sediment, 213: 9 Copper speciation, soil, 213: 11 Copper speciation, surface water (diag.), 213: 5 Copper speciation, surface waters, 213: 4 Copper species, in aquatic organisms, 213: 13 Copper toxicity, aquatic species (table), 213: 16 Copper toxicity, aquatic species olfaction, 213: 15 Copper toxicity, reactive oxygen species (ROS), 213: 15 Copper toxicity, water characteristics, 213: 13 Copper vs. nanocopper, toxicity differences, 213: 18 Copper water levels, California marinas (table), 213: 20 Cuprous oxide, annual use in California (illus.), 213: 4 D Degradation process, organotins, 213: 35 Detoxification mechanisms, invertebrate contaminants, 213: 77 Detoxification mechanisms, organic pollutants, 213: 78 Detoxification of lead, in plants, 213: 113 ff. Dioxin contamination, French shellfish, 213: 69 Drinking water contamination, pesticides, 213: 142 E Ecotoxicity, nanocopper, 213: 18 Endocrine-active agents, pesticides, 213: 138 Endocrine-active pesticides, Germany, 213: 137 ff. Endocrine-active pesticides, water supply detections, 213: 147 Endocrine activity, pesticides, 213: 137 ff. Endocrine disruption, pesticides, 213: 139 Environmental contaminants, organotin degradation products, 213: 31 Environmental contamination, from leached pesticides, 213: 141 Environmental contamination, from pesticide runoff, 213: 140 Environmental contamination, from pesticide spray drift, 213: 140 Environmental contamination, from pesticide volatility, 213: 141 Environmental contamination, radionuclides (table), 213: 69 Environmental contamination, shellfish (table), 213: 70 Environmental distribution, organotins, 213: 30 Environmental effects, organotins, 213: 34 Environmental fate, copper, 213: 4 Environmental fate, copper (diag.), 213: 5 Environmental fate, copper in air, 213: 12 Environmental fate, organotins, 213: 27 ff. Environmental fate, organotins, 213: 34 Environmental fate, pesticidal copper, 213: 1 ff. Environmental inorganic contaminants, shellfish (table), 213: 66 Environmental monitoring, shellfish contamination, 213: 81 Environmental routes of emission, pesticides, 213: 139 European regulation, shellfish contamination, 213: 60 European regulation, shellfish food safety, 213: 59 European shellfish farming, description, 213: 56 European shellfish regulation, hygiene package, 213: 59 European Union, pesticide use, 213: 138 F Fate and toxicity, pesticidal copper (diag.), 213: 5 Fate in water, copper oxide, 213: 4 Fate of organotins, marine invertebrates, 213: 38 Fish bioaccumulation, copper, 213: 15 Fish residues, organotins, 213: 29 Food consumption data, France, 213: 92 Food contamination, pesticides, 213: 150 Foodstuffs consumption, humans (table), 213: 93 France, shellfish production & consumption, 213: 56 French coastal hazards, shellfish consumption, 213: 55 ff. French consumption data, food, 213: 92 French farmed mussels & oysters, contamination (illus.), 213: 65 French shellfish, organotin and dioxin contamination, 213: 69 Freshwater, copper speciation, 213: 8 G Genotoxicity of lead, plants, 213: 123 Geochemical cycling, copper, 213: 9 German food, pesticide contamination, 213: 150 German legacy, pesticide contamination, 213: 137 ff. German regulation, pesticides, 213: 138 German surface waters, pesticide contamination, 213: 144 German water contamination, pesticides, 213: 142, 144 German water supply contamination, endocrine-active pesticides, 213: 147 German water supply, pesticide detections (table), 213: 145 Germany, endocrine-active pesticides, 213: 137 ff. Germination effects, lead, 213: 118 Ground water contamination, pesticides, 213: 142 Groundwater monitoring, pesticide residues, 213: 143 Growth effects, lead, 213: 118 H Hazard and European regulation, shellfish consumption, 213: 56 Hazards, shellfish consumption, 213: 55 ff. Health implications, pesticides in food, 213: 150 Heavy metal consumption, from shellfish, 213: 96 Heavy metal contaminants, marine environment & shellfish (table), 213: 63 Human consumption, foodstuffs (table), 213: 93 Human consumption, organotin residues, 213: 29 Human consumption, shellfish contaminants, 213: 95 Human effects, chemical contaminants, 213: 92 Human exposure, environmental organotins, 213: 27 ff. Human exposure routes, organotins, 213: 29 Human “high consumers”, mollusks (table), 213: 94 Human intake, heavy metals from shellfish, 213: 96 Hygiene Package, European shellfish regulation, 213: 59 Hyperaccumulators plants, lead, 213: 118 I Impose, tributyltin biomarker, 213: 44 Inorganic contaminants, environment & organisms, 213: 62 Inorganic contaminants, shellfish & the environment (table), 213: 66 Invertebrate contaminants, detoxification mechanisms, 213: 77 L Lead accumulation, in plants, 213: 117 Lead, as environmental contaminant, 213: 114 Lead, as toxin, 213: 114 Lead, behavior in plants, 213: 116 Lead detoxification, in plants, 213: 113 ff. Lead effects, antioxidant enzymes (table), 213: 128 Lead effects, mineral nutrition, 213: 121 Lead effects, photosynthesis, 213: 121 Lead effects, plant enzymes (table), 213: 128 Lead effects, plant germination, 213: 118 Lead effects, plant growth, 213: 118 Lead effects, plant respiration, 213: 122 Lead effects, proteins, 213: 119 Lead exposure, plant effects, 213: 114 Lead genotoxicity, plants, 213: 123 Lead-induced, plant oxidative stress, 213: 124 Lead, in hyperaccumulator plants, 213: 118 Lead, lipid peroxidation in plants, 213: 124 Lead, reactive oxygen species, 213: 124 Lead, soil behavior, 213: 115 Lead, soil bioavailability, 213: 115 Lead, soil retention & mobility, 213: 115 Lead speciation effects, bioavailability, 213: 116 Lead tolerance in plants, mechanisms, 213: 125 Lead toxicity, plant effects, 213: 118 Lead translocation, plants, 213: 117 Lead transport, in plants, 213: 117 Lead transport, via xylem, 213: 118 Lead uptake and toxicity, in plants, 213: 113 ff. Lead uptake, plants, 213: 116 Lead, water status effects, 213: 120 Ligand binding, copper, 213: 5 Lipid peroxidation in plants, lead, 213: 124 Lysosomal biomarkers, tributyltin, 213: 43 M Marine environment contamination, heavy metals (table), 213: 63 Marine environment, chemical hazards, 213: 61 Marine invertebrates, fate of organotins, 213: 38 Marine invertebrates, organotin toxicity, 213: 39 Marine invertebrates, tributyltin biomarkers, 213: 41 Marine mammals, organotin residues, 213: 39 Marketed shellfish, chemical monitoring, 213: 89–90 Mechanisms, lead tolerance in plants, 213: 125 Metallothionein biomarker, tributyltin, 213: 41 Microbial degradation, organotins, 213: 35 Mineral nutrition, lead effects, 213: 121 Mobility in soil, lead, 213: 115 Molecular biomarkers, tributyltin, 213: 43 Molecular structure, copper, 213: 2 Mollusk contaminant levels, seasonal variability, 213: 76 Mollusk contaminants, bioconcentration factors (table), 213: 77 Mollusk contaminants, bioconcentration factors, 213: 75 Mollusk contamination, variations, 213: 75 Mollusks, contaminant accumulation, 213: 75 Mollusks, contaminant half-lives (table), 213: 80 Mollusks, human “high consumers”, (table), 213: 94 Monitoring residues, shellfish in France, 213: 55 ff. Mussel contaminants, Bay of Seine, France (table), 213: 88 Mussel contamination, heavy metals (illus.), 213: 65 N Nanocopper, ecotoxicity, 213: 18 Nanoparticles, types & applications, 213: 18 Nanotechnology, definition, 213: 18 Nanotoxicity of copper, aquatic species, 213: 18 Nano- vs. bulk-copper, aquatic species toxicity Official monitoring programs, shellfish contamination (table), 213: 83 Olfactory toxicity, copper, 213: 15 Organic carbon link, copper cycling, 213: 9 Organic chemical contamination, environment (table), 213: 70 Organic chemical contamination, shellfish flesh (table), 213: 70 Organic contaminants, found in shellfish (table), 213: 70 Organic contaminants, French shellfish, 213: 65 Organic contaminants, in shellfish (table), 213: 72 Organic ligands, dissolved organic matter, 213: 5 Organic pollutants, detoxification mechanisms, 213: 78 Organotin accumulation, aquatic organisms, 213: 33 Organotin biomarker, acetylcholinesterase inhibition, 213: 42 Organotin compounds, regulation, 213: 44 Organotin contamination, aquatic systems, 213: 30 Organotin contamination, French shellfish, 213: 69 Organotin degradation products, environmental contaminants, 213: 31 Organotin effects, aquatic species, 213: 29, 34 Organotin fate, marine invertebrates, 213: 38 Organotin remobilization, from sediments, 213: 37 Organotin residues, aquatic species, 213: 32 Organotin residues, human consumption, 213: 29 Organotin residues, marine mammals, 213: 39 Organotins, antifouling agent uses, 213: 28 Organotins, bioaccumulation, 213: 36 Organotins, biomarker roles & utility, 213: 40 Organotins, biomarkers, 213: 27 ff. Organotins, biomethylation, 213: 37 Organotins, degradation process, 213: 35 Organotins, description, 213: 28 Organotins, environmental contaminants, 213: 28 Organotins, environmental distribution, 213: 30 Organotins, environmental effects & fate, 213: 34 Organotins, fish residues, 213: 29 Organotins, global production, 213: 29 Organotins, human exposure & environmental fate, 213: 27 ff. Organotins, human exposure routes, 213: 29 Organotin speciation, sediments, 213: 31 Organotins, photolysis, 213: 35 Organotins, sediment sorption, 213: 37 Organotins, soil residues, 213: 33 Organotin toxicity, marine invertebrates, 213: 39 Osmoregulatory effects of copper, aquatic species, 213: 14 Oxidative stress in plants, lead-induced, 213: 124 Oxygen role, copper cycling, 213: 10 Oyster contaminants, Arcachon Bay, France (table), 213: 86 Oyster contamination, heavy metals (illus.), 213: 65 P Persistence, tributyltin, 213: 31 Pesticidal copper, fate and toxicity (diag.), 213: 5 Pesticidal endocrine disruptors, official lists, 213: 139 Pesticide contamination, German food supply, 213: 150 Pesticide contamination, German legacy, 213: 137 ff. Pesticide leaching, environmental contamination, 213: 141 Pesticide loss, from volatilization, 213: 141 Pesticide regulation, Germany, 213: 138 Pesticide residues, groundwater monitoring, 213: 143 Pesticide runoff, environmental contamination route, 213: 140 Pesticides, emission routes to the environment, 213: 139 Pesticides, endocrine activity, 213: 137 ff. Pesticides, endocrine disruption, 213: 139 Pesticides, endocrine-active agents, 213: 138 Pesticides in German food, health implications, 213: 150 Pesticides in Germany, water contamination, 213: 142 Pesticide spray drift, environmental contamination, 213: 140 Pesticides, point source discharges, 213: 141 Pesticides, surface water contamination, 213: 144 Pesticides, water supply contamination (table), 213: 145 Pesticide use, copper, 213: 1 ff. Pesticide use, European Union, 213: 138 Photolysis, organotins, 213: 36 Photosynthesis, lead effects, 213: 121 Physical-chemical properties, copper (table), 213: 3 Plant accumulation, lead, 213: 117 Plant behavior, lead, 213: 116 Plant effects, lead exposure, 213: 114 Plant effects, lead toxicity, 213: 118 Plant enzyme effects, lead (table), 213: 128 Plant genotoxicity, lead, 213: 123 Plant germination effects, lead, 213: 118 Plant growth effects, lead, 213: 118 Plant hyperaccumulation, lead, 213: 118 Plant nutrition effects, lead, 213: 121 Plant oxidative stress, lead-induced, 213: 124 Plant respiration, lead effects, 213: 122 Plants, lead detoxification, 213: 113 ff. Plants, lead translocation, 213: 117 Plants, lead uptake & toxicity, 213: 113 ff. Plant tolerance mechanisms, lead toxicity, 213: 125 Plant tolerance to lead, antioxidant enzymes role, 213: 127 Plant uptake, lead, 213: 116 Point source discharge, pesticides, 213: 141 Pollutant, atmospheric copper, 213: 12 Protein effects, lead, 213: 119 R Radionuclide contamination, shellfish & the environment (table), 213: 69 Reactive oxygen species (ROS), copper toxicity, 213: 15 Regulated organic contaminants, found in shellfish (table), 213: 70 Regulation of organotins, global summary, 213: 44 Regulation, organotin compounds, 213: 44 Regulatory consumption thresholds, bivalve mollusk contamination (table), 213: 60 Residue accumulation, organotins in aquatic organisms, 213: 33 Risk assessment, shellfish hazard along French coasts, 213: 55 ff. ROS (reactive oxygen species), lead, 213: 124 S Salinity effects, copper biodistribution, 213: 14 Scallop monitoring, cadmium non-compliances (table), 213: 91 Seasonal variability, mollusk contaminant levels, 213: 76 Seawater, copper speciation, 213: 6 Sediment contamination, organotins, 213: 31 Sediment, copper speciation, 213: 9 Sediments, organotin speciation, 213: 31 Sediment sorption, organotins, 213: 37 Shellfish, chemical hazards, 213: 61 Shellfish, chemical monitoring, 213: 89–90 Shellfish consumption, hazards & European regulation, 213: 56 Shellfish consumption, heavy metal intake, 213: 96 Shellfish consumption, residues and risks, 213: 55 ff. Shellfish contaminants, human consumption, 213: 95 Shellfish contaminants, regulated chemicals (table), 213: 70 Shellfish contamination, environmental monitoring, 213: 81 Shellfish contamination, European regulation, 213: 60 Shellfish contamination, European waters, 213: 56 Shellfish contamination, in France (illus.), 213: 65 Shellfish contamination, inorganic chemicals, 213: 62 Shellfish contamination, radionuclides (table), 213: 69 Shellfish, dioxin contamination, 213: 69 Shellfish flesh contamination, heavy metals (table), 213: 63 Shellfish food safety regulation, Europe, 213: 59 Shellfish monitoring, formal programs (table), 213: 83 Shellfish mortality, management methods, 213: 89 Shellfish organic contaminants, France, 213: 65 Shellfish production & consumption, France, 213: 56 Shellfish purification effects, chemical contaminants, 213: 78 Shellfish residues, monitoring & risks, 213: 55 ff. Shellfish, unregulated organic contaminants (table), 213: 72 Soil behavior, lead, 213: 115 Soil bioavailability, lead, 213: 115 Soil, copper speciation, 213: 11 Soil mobility, lead, 213: 115 Soil organic matter, copper speciation effects, 213: 12 Soil residues, organotins, 213: 33 Soil retention, lead, 213: 115 Sources of heavy metal contamination, marine environment (table), 213: 64 Spray drift, pesticide contamination route, 213: 140 Surface water contamination, pesticides, 213: 144 Surface water, copper speciation (diag.), 213: 5 T Temperature effect, copper cycling, 213: 10 Toxic effects, organotins, 213: 34 Toxicity differences, copper vs. nanocopper, 213: 18 Toxicity of lead, plants, 213: 113 ff. Toxicity of organotins, marine invertebrates, 213: 39 Toxicity to aquatic species, bulk vs. nanocopper (table), 213: 19 Toxicity to olfaction, copper, 213: 15 Trace elements, detoxification mechanisms, 213: 77 Tributyltin biomarkers, apoptosis & imposex, 213: 43–44 Tributyltin, lysosomal & molecular biomarkers, 213: 43 Tributyltin, metallothionein biomarker, 213: 41 Tributyltin, persistence, 213: 31 Triphenyltin, biomagnification, 213: 32 U Uptake of lead, in plants, 213: 113 ff. V Volatilization loss, pesticides, 213: 141 W Water characteristics, copper toxicity, 213: 13 Water levels, copper in California marina water (table), 213: 20 Water quality standards, copper monitoring, 213: 19 Water salinity effects, copper fate, 213: 14 Water status effects, lead, 213: 120 Water supply contamination, pesticides (table), 213: 145 Water supply detections, endocrine-active pesticides, 213: 147 X Xylem transport, lead, 213: 118