Encyclopedia of environmental microbiology VOLUMES 1 - 6.

A Acetylene Reduction Assay Acid Mine Drainage Acidophiles Actinomycetes, Airborne Actinomycetes in Activated Sludge Actinomycetes in Soils Actinomycetes: Role in Foaming of Activated Sludge Actinorhizal Symbiosis Activated Carbon Activated Sludge, Filamentous Bacteria in Activated Sludge — Foaming Activated Sludge, Methodology Activated Sludge — Microbiology of Nitrogen Removal Activated Sludge Models: Microbiological Basis Activated Sludge — Molecular Techniques for Determining Community Composition Activated Sludge — Sequencing Batch Reactors Activated Sludge—The Floe Activated Sludge —The "G-Bacteria" Activated Sludge — The Microbial Community Activated Sludge—The Process Activated Sludge: Use of Molecular Tools Activity and Carbon Transformations in Biofilms Adenoviruses Adhesion, Immobilization and Retention of Microorganisms on Solid Substrata Adhesion (primary) of Microorganisms onto Surfaces Adhesion to Surfaces Adsorption of Microorganisms to Surfaces Adsorption of Viruses to Surfaces Aerobic Alkaliphiles Aerobic Endospores Aerobic Respiration, Principles of Aggregates and Consortia, Microbial Agroterrorism Air Pollution Control Air Sampling Air-Water Interface Airborne Bacterial Pathogens Airborne Fungi Airborne Microorganisms Airborne Toxigenic Molds Algae Algae Biotechnology Algae, Blue-Green Algae: Eutrophication Algae, Polar Algae: Streams Algae: Toxicity Testing Algae, Use as Biological Indicators in Paleolimnology Algae: Waste Stabilization Ponds Algal Blooms Algal Blooms — Impact on Treatment, Taste, and Odor Problems Algal Pigments as Indicators Algal Turf Scrubbing: Potential Use for Wastewater Treatment Alkaline Enzymes Alkaliphiles Alkaliphiles: Alkaline Enzymes and Their Applications Alkalithermophiles (Anaerobic) Allergens, Fungal Ammonification Amoeboid Protozoa Anaerobic Digestion of Biosolids Anaerobic Granules Anaerobic Granules and Granulation Processes Anammox Anhydrobiosis Anthrax Antibiotic Resistance Anydrobiosis Aquifers, Atlantic Coastal Plain Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Archaea, Detection of Archaea: Detection Methods Archaea in Biotechnology Archaea in Marine Environments Archaea in Soil Habitats Archaea in Soils Archaea, Thermophilic Assessing Microbial Proteomes in the Environment Assimilable Organic Carbon (AOC) in Drinking Water Assimilable Organic Carbon (AOC) in Treated Water: Determination and Significance Astroviruses Attachment of Microorganisms B Bacteria: Streams Bacterial Cell Structure Bacterial Contaminants in Residential Environments Bacterial Pathogens in Waste Stabilization Ponds Bacterial Phytostimulators in the Rhizosphere Bacterioneuston Bacteriophage as Indicators Bacteriophage: Biology and Genetics Bacteriophage Detection Methodologies Bacteriophage of Enteric Bacteria: Occurrence and Persistance in the Environment B acterioplankton Benthic Algae Benthic-Associated Primary Productivity Bioaerosol Sampling and Analysis Bioaerosols in Agricultural and Outdoor Settings Bioaerosols in Industrial Settings Bioaerosols: Modeling Bioaerosols: Transport and Fate Bioaerosols, Virus Bioaerosols: Wastewater Treatment Plants Bioaugmentation Bioaugmentation: Cold-Adapted Microbes v vi TABLE OF CONTENTS Bioavailability of Organic Substrates Biochip-Based Devices and Methods in Microbial Community Ribotyping Biocontrol, Microbial Agents in Soil Biocorrosion: Role of Sulfate Reducing Bacteria Biodegradability: Methods for Assessing Biodegradability Under Laboratory and Field Condition Biodegradable Dissolved Organic Carbon (BDOC) Biodegradable Dissolved Organic Carbon in Drinking Water Biodegradation: Composts Biodegradation: Fuel Oxygenates Biodegradation, Halogenated Aromatics Biodegradation: Landfills Biodegradation: Oxygenase Enzymes Biodegradation: Reductive Dehalogenation and Metabolism of Chlorinated Organics by Anaerobes Biodegradation: Wetlands Biodeterioration Biodeterioration of Mineral Materials Biodiversity in Soils: Use of Molecular Methods for its Characterization Bioemulsifiers Biofilm Detachment Biofilms, Activity in Biofilms, Algal Biofilms Biofilms: Bacterial-Fungal Biofilms Biofilms, Carbon Transformations in Biofilms, Conditioning Films Biofilms: Extracellular Enzymes Biofilms, Extracellular Polymeric Substance Biofilms, Formation Rate in Water Distribution Systems Biofilms, Growth Kinetics of Microbes in Biofilms in Natural and Drinking Water Systems TABLE OF CONTENTS B Biofilms in the Food Industry Biofilms, Methodology Biofilms, Modeling of Biofilms, Pathogens in Biofilms, Sorption Properties of Biofilms: Suspended Biofilms Biofiltration Biofiltration and Bioodors Biofouling: Chemical Control of Biofouling in Water Systems Biofouling in the Marine Environment Biofouling of Industrial Systems Biogenic Trace Gases Biogeochemical Cycles Biohydrometallurgy Bioleaching Bioleaching of Metals Biological Control, Use of Biosurfactants in Biological Warfare Biology of Cryptosporidium Bioluminescence, Methodology Biomarkers, Lipid Biomass, Algal Biomass, Bacterioplankton Biomass: Soil Microbial Biomass Biomineralization by Bacteria Biomining Biomining Using Archaea Bioodors Control in Waste Treatment Facilities Biopesticides Bioplastics Bioremediation: An Overview of How Microbiological Processes Can Be Applied to the Cleanup of Organic and Inorganic Environmental Pollutants Bioremediation: Aquatic Ecosystems Bioremediation, Aquifers Bioremediation, Biosurfactants Use in Bioremediation, Cold-Adapted Microorganisms in Bioremediation, Methanotrophs in Bioremediation of Hot Desert Soils Bioremediation of Soils Bioremediation, Pesticides in Soils Bioremediation, PLFA Analysis Bioreporters Biosolids: Anaerobic Digestion of Biosolids, Bioaerosols from Biosolids, Granules in Biosorbents for Metals Biostability of Drinking Water Biostimulation, Aquatic Ecosystems Biostimulation, Aquifers Biostimulation: Cold-Adapted Microbes Biostimulation, Hot Desert Soils Biosurfactants: Types, Screening Methods, and Applications Biotechnological Applications of Biosurfactants and Bioemulsifiers Biotechnology, Fungi in Biotechnology, Methanotrophs in Bioterrorism Biotoxins Biotrickling Filters for Air Pollution Control Blue-Green Algae Borreliosis, Lyme Bottled Water Bottled Water, Microbiology of Brown Rot Fungi Brown Tide Bulking Control Bulking in Activated Sludge Bulking of Activated Sludge C Calici viruses Campylobacter jejuni and Other Enteric Campylobacter Capillary Electrophoresis in Genetic Analysis and Ribotyping of Microbiota in the Environment Carbon Monoxide Caves and Mines Microbiological Sampling Caves and Other Low-Light Environments: Aerophitic Photoautotrophic Microorganisms Cell Viability, Methodology for Chaperone and Chaperonins Chemical Weapons, Biodegradation of Chemolithoautotrophy Cholera Chrysophytes Ciliated Protozoa Ciliates in Freshwater Ecosystems Cisterns Climate Change, Use of Chrysophytes as Indicators of Cloning Clostridium Coagulation in Water Treatment Plants: Pathogen Removal Cold-Active Enzymes Cold-Adapted Microorganisms: Adaptation Strategies and Biotechnological Potential Cold Deserts Cold-Induced Proteins Cold Shock Cold-Shock Proteins Coliform Bacteria as Indicators of Water Quality Coliform Bacteria — Control in Drinking Water Distribution Systems Coliform Regrowth in Water Distribution Systems Coliphage: Detection Methodologies Cometabolism Commercial Use of Microorganisms, Regulation of Compost: Biodegradation of Toxic Organic Compounds Conditioning Films in Aquatic Environments Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) v vi TABLE OF CONTENTS Consortia, Microbial Controlling the Microbial Quality of Drinking Water in Distribution Systems Corrosion Cosmetics, Use of Biosurfactants in Crude Oil, Biodegradation of Crude Oil Spills Culturable Subsurface Microbial Communities Cyanobacteria Cyanobacteria in Soils Cyanobacteria-Toxins in Drinking Water Cyanobacterial Mats Cyanobacterial Mats and Nitrogenen Fixation Cyanophages Cyclospora: Basic Biology, Occurrence Fate and Methodologies Disinfection, Effect on Viruses Disinfection of Legionellae Disinfection of Protozoan Parasites Disinfection, Ultraviolet (UV) Dna Chips Domestic Microbiology Drinking Water Biofilms Drinking Water, Cyanobacteria in Drinking Water Distribution Systems, Invertebrates and Protozoa in Drinking Water Distribution Systems, Pathogens in Drinking Water, Nitrifying Bacteria in Drinking Water, Sulfur Bacteria in Drinking Water, Viruses in E D Data Analysis and Modeling Dehalogenation of Haloorganics Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) Denitrification Denitrification in Activated Sludge Denitrification in the Marine Environment Desert Environments Desert Environments: Biological Soil Crusts Desert Environments — Soil Microbial Communities in Cold Deserts Desiccation, Adaptation of Microorganisms to Desiccation by Exposure to Space Vacuum or Extremely Dry Deserts: Effect on Microorganisms Desiccation of Microorganisms Desulfurization of Fossil Fuels Detection of Airborne Microorganisms Detection of Enteroviruses Diatoms in Biofilms Diazotrophs Dinitrogenase Dinoflagellates, Toxic Dioxygenases Disinfection: Chlorine, Monochloramine, and Chlorine Dioxide Ecological Significance of Subsurface Microorganisms Ecology of Marine Microbial Biofilms Ecology, Pathogenicity, and Systematics ofAeromonas in the Environment Ectomycorrhizal Fungi Electrophoresis Emergency Water Supplies Endolithic Microorganisms in Arid Regions Endosymbiosis in Ecology and Evolution Endosymbiosis Involving Amebas Endosymbiosis Involving Cyanobacteria Endotoxins in Bottled Water Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal (EBPR) in Activated Sludge Enhanced Detection of Airborne Microbial Contaminants Entamoeba histolytica /Entamoeba dispar Enteric Adenoviruses Enterococci, Fecal Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli (EHEC) Enteroinvasive E. Coli Enteropathogenic E. Coli (EPEC) Enterotoxigenic E. Coli (ETEC) Enteroviruses: basic Biology and Diseases Enteroviruses in Water: Concentration and Detection TABLE OF CONTENTS E Enteroviruses: Occurrence and Persistence in the Environment Entomopathogens (Bacteria, Fungi, Prototozoa, Viruses) Environmental Genomics Environmental Release of Microorganisms Enzymatic Toxicity Tests Enzyme Inhibition Enzyme Kinetics Enzymes, Archaeal Enzymes: Biotechnological Applications Enzymes, Cold-Active Enzymes, Industrial Enzymes in Soils Enzymes: Oxygenases Epifluorescence Microscopy Epilithic Microorganisms EPS Eutrophication and Algae Evolution of Metabolic Pathways for Degradation of Environmental Pollutants Exobiology Extracellular Enzymes in Biofilms Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS): Structural, Ecological and Technical Aspects Extremophiles: Life in Extreme Environments F Fate and Microbial Degradation of Halogenated Aromatics Fate of Viruses and Protozoan Parasites in Aquatic Sediments Fecal Contamination, Sources of Fecal Streptococci/Enterococci in Aquatic Environments Field Release of Genetically Engineered Microorganisms (GEM) Filamentous Bacteria in Activated Sludge: Current Taxonomic Status and Ecology Filamentous Bulking in Activated Sludge, Control of Filtration (High-Rate): Removal of Pathogenic Microorganisms Filtration: Occurrence of Protozoa in Spent Filter Backwash Water Fingerprinting Techniques Flagellated Protozoa Flocs, Microbial Flooded Soils Fluorescence Microscopy Fluorescent in situ Hybridization (Fish) Fluorescent in situ Hybridization (Fish): Use in Activated Sludge Fluorescent Probes for in situ Analyses of Microbial Communities Fluorochromes Foaming in Activated Sludge Food Contamination Food Industry Food Preservation Food Processing and Bioaerosols Fossil Fuels Desulfurization Free-Living Amebas Present in the Environment Can Cause Meningoencephalitis in Humans and Other Animals Freeze-Drying Freeze Drying: Preservations of Microorganisms by Freeze-Drying Fuel Additives, Biodegradation of Fumonisins Fungal Allergy and Allergens Fungal Biofilms Fungal Contaminants Fungi Fungi and Indoor Air Fungi and Pollutant Biodegradation Fungi, Culture Media for Fungi, for Biotechnology Fungi in Freshwater Ecosystems Fungi in Marine/Estuarine Waters Fungi in Soils Fungi in Streams G G-Bacteria in Activated Sludge Gallionella ferruginea: An Iron-Oxidizing and Stalk-Forming Groundwater Bacterium Gases, Trace Gene Chips Gene Exchange in Biofilms Gene Probes Gene Transfer in Biofilms Genetic Ecology of Soil Genetic Manipulation of Fungi Genetically Engineered Microorganisms (GEMs) Genetically Engineered Microorganisms for Biodegradation of Recalcitrant Compounds Genetically Modified Microorganisms (GMM) in Soil Environments Genomics, Environmental Geochemical and Geological Significance of Subsurface Microbiology Geochemical Aspects of Subsurface Microbiology Geostatistics for Determining the Distribution of Soil Microorganisms Giardia: Basic Biology, Genetics and Epidemiology Giardia: Detection and Occurrence of in the Environment Granular Activated Carbon, Bacteriology of Granular High-Rate Filtration: Removal of Pathogenic Microorganisms Granular Sludge Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) Greenhouse Effect, Role of Microorganisms Groundwater, Protistan Communities in v vi TABLE OF CONTENTS Groundwater Sampling Groundwater, Sulfur Bacteria in Groundwater, Viruses in Growth, Diauxic Growth, on Mixed Substrates H Haber-Bosch Process Halogenated Compounds, Bioremediation of Halogenated Hydrocarbon (Gases) Haloorganics Dehalogenation Halophiles Halophiles: Aerobic Halophilic Microorganisms Halophiles: Anaerobic Prokaryotes from Hypersaline Environments Halophilic Archaea Halophilic Microorganisms Halotolerant Bacteria Harmful Algal Blooms (HAB) Heat-Shock Genes Heat-Shock Proteins Heavy Metal Toxicity Helicobacter pylori Hepatitis Viruses (HAV-HEV) Heterotrophic Bacteria as Indicators of Water Quality High Hydrostatic Pressure: Microbial Inactivation and Food Preservation Home Treatment Devices—Microbiology of Point of Use and Point of Entry Devices Hot Desert Soil Microbial Communities Hot Tubs Microbiology Human Caliciviruses: Basic Virology and Epidemiology Humic Substances in Aquatic Environments Hydrocarbon Biodegradation in Cold Environments Hydrocarbons, Biodegradation of Hydrocarbons, Bioremediation of Hydrodesulfurization Hydrophobicity of Microorganisms: Methodology Hydrothermal Vents: Biodiversity in Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vents Hydrothermal Vents: Prokaryotes in Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vents Hyperthermophiles I Ice Environments Ice Microbial Communities Identification of Airborne Fungi Igneous Rock Aquifers Microbial Communities Image Analysis of Microorganisms Imaging Immobilization of Microorganisms on Solid Substrata Indicators of Water Quality: Aerobic Spores Indicators of Water Quality: Bacteriophage Indicators of Water Quality: Clostridium Indicators of Water Quality: Coliforms Indicators of Water Quality: Fecal Streptococci/Enterococci Indicators of Water Quality: Source Water Protection Indoor Exposure to Fungi Indoor Health Industrial Enzymes Industrial Settings, Bioaerosols in Infectious Airborne Bacteria Inorganic Nutrient Use by Marine Microorganisms Insecticides, Microbial Invertebrate-Associated Microorganisms in Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vents Invertebrates and Protozoa (Free-Living) in Drinking Water Distribution Systems Ion Exhange in Water Treatment Plants: Pathogen Removal Ionizing Radiation, Effect on Microorganisms Iron Cycling Iron Oxidation Iron-Reducing Microbes in Petroleum Reservoirs Isospora Isotopic Fractionation K Kinetics (Microbial): Theory and Applications Kinetics of Microbial Processes and Population Growth in Soil TABLE OF CONTENTS L Labelling of Microbial Cells (Enzymatic, Fluorescent, Immunological, Phylogenetic, and Physiological Labels) Lakes, Periphyton in Landfilling of Municipal Solid Wastes: Microbiological Processes and Environmental Impacts Laser Scanning Microscopy in Combination With Fluorescence Techniques for Biofilm Study Leaf Decomposition By Fungi in Freshwater Ecosystems Legionellae Legionella in the Environment: Persistence, Evolution, and Pathogenicity Legume Inoculation Leptospirosis Lipid Biomarkers in Environmental Microbiology Lipids, Archaeal Lithotrophic Microbial Ecosystems in the Subsurface Low Light Environments Luciferase and Green Fluorescent Protein as Bioreporters in Microbial Systems Lyme Borreliosis M Machining and Bioaerosols Macrophyte Colonization by Fungi Magnetotactic Bacteria Manganese Cycling Manganese Oxidation Marine Biotechnology Marine Methanogens Mats, Microbial Membrane Filter Procedure for Heterotrophic Bacteria Mercury Cycling Meroplankton Messenger RNA-Targeted Probes Metabolic Pathways Metabolism of Mixtures of Organic Pollutants Metals Metals, Bioremediation of Metals in Soils Metals: Interaction with Biofilms Metals, Microbe Resistance to Metals: Microbial Processes Affecting Metals Metal Stressed Environments, Bacteria in Metal Transformations Metal (U,Fe,Mn,Hg) Cycling Methane Methanogenesis Methanogenesis in the Marine Environment Methanogens Methanogens: Biotechnological Applications Methanogens in Petroleum Reservoirs Methanogens in Soils Methanotrophic Bacteria Methanotrophic Bacteria: Use in Bioremediation Methanotrophs Methods for Flow Cytometry and Cell Sorting Methods for the Identification of Microbial Isolates Methylation of Metals Microarrays Microarrays: Applications in Environmental Microbiology Microbial Degradation of Explosives Microbial Degradation of Fuel Oxygenates Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery (MEOR), Use of and Biosurfactants in Microbial Flocs Suspended Biofilms Microbially-Influenced Corrosion (MIC) Microbial Removal by Pretreatment, coagulation and Ion Exchange Microbial Starvation Survival in Subsurface Environments Microbial Toxicity Tests Microbiology of Atlantic Coastal Plain Aquifers and Other Unconsolidated Subsurface Sediments Microbiology of Cretaceous Shales and Sandstones of the Southwestern United States Microbiology of Deep High Temperature Sedimentary Environments Microchips Microgravity Effects on Microorganisms Microorganisms in Soil: Factors Influencing Their Activity Microspheres as Tracers in Groundwater Microsporidia: Basic Biology Microsporidia: Occurrence, Fate and Methodologies Mine Tailings Mines Mixotrophs Modeling of Biofilms Modeling of Virus Transport and Removal in the Subsurface Modeling the Transport of Bioaerosols Modeling Models, Activated Sludge Models: Role of Protozoa Molecular Methods for Soils Monooxygenases Mustard Gas, Biodegradation of Mycobacterium avium Complex Mycorrhizae Mycorrhizae: Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Mycorrhizae: Ectomycorrhizal Fungi Mycotoxins N Natural Organic Matter (NOM) in Aquatic Environments; Neural Networks Neuston Microbiology: Life at the Air–Water Interface Nitrification Nitrification in Activated Sludge Nitrification in Aquatic Systems Nitrification in Soils v vi TABLE OF CONTENTS Nitrification in The Marine Environment Nitrifiers Typing using Microchips Nitrifying Bacteria in Drinking Water Nitogen Cycle Nitrogen Cycle in Aquatic Systems Nitrogen Cycle in Soils Nitrogen Cycle in the Marine Environment Nitogen Fixation Nitrogen Fixation in Methanotrophs Nitrogen Fixation in Soils—Free-Living Microbes Nitrogen Fixation in Soils (Symbiotic) Nitrogen Fixation in the Marine Environment Nitrogen Fixation Measurement Nitrogen Gases Nitrogen in Marine Microorganisms Nitrogen Removal in Activated Sludge Norwalk-Like Viruses: Detection Methodologies and Environmental Fate Norwalk-Like Viruses (NLVS) Nosocomial Infections Nuclear Waste Respository in Yucca Mountain: Microbiological Aspects Nucleic Acids Extraction from Soils Nutrient Cycling: Role of Bacterioplankton Nutrients Use By Marine Microorganisms O Occurrence of Protozoa in Spent Filter Backwash Water Ochratoxins Oil Reservoirs Oligotrophic Bacteria Opportunistic Pathogens Organic Matter in Water Organic Matter Removal in Water Treatment Organic Substances: Interaction with Biofilms Organophosphorus Nerve Agents, Biodegradation of Osmoprotection of Microorganisms Oxygen: Effect on Marine Microbial Communities Oxygenase Enzymes: Role in Biodegradation P Paleoecology Paleoenvironmental Reconstruction Paleolimonology Paleolimnology: Subfossil Algae Other than Diatoms and Chrysophytes Paleolimnology: Use of Algal Pigments as Indicators Paleolimnology: Use of Siliceous Structures of Chrysophytes as Biological Indicators in Freshwater Systems Panspermia Thesis Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning Parasitic Protozoa: Fate in Wastewater Treatment Plants Pathogen, Bacterial Pathogenic Escherichia coli Pathogens, Bacterial Pathogens (Bacterial) in Waste Stabilization Ponds Pathogens in Environmental Biofilms TABLE OF CONTENTS P Pathogen Survival in Aquatic Environmnents Periphyton Permafrost Pesticide Degradation in Soils Pesticides, Bioremediation of Pest Mangement Petroleum and Other Hydrocarbons, Biodegradation of Petroleum Reservoirs, Influence, Activity and Growth of Subsurface Microflora in Petroleum Reservoirs, Microbial Diversity in Pfiesteria: The Toxic Pfiesteria Complex Phage: Detection Methodologies Phosphorus Cycling in Aquatic Environments: Role of Bacteria Phosphorus in Marine Microorganisms Photosynthetic Bacteria Photosynthetic Bacteria in Caves Photosynthetic Bacteria in Drinking Water Photosynthetic Bacteria in Soils Photosynthetic Bacteria in Waste Stabilization Ponds Photosynthetic Pigments in Marine Algae and Bacteria Phototrophic Purple and Green Bacteria in Marine and Hypersaline Environments Phycotoxins Phyllosphere Phylogenetically Based Methods in Microbial Ecology Phylogenetics, Archaea Phylogeny Phylogeny of Aquifer Communities Phytoneuston Phytoplankton Phytoplankton, Polar Phytostimulators, Bacterial Pigments of Algae as Paleolimnological Indicators Planktonic Algae Planktonic Algae in the Marine Environment Planktonic Microorganisms: Bacterioplankton Plant–Microbe Interactions in the Marine Environment Plfa Analysis Point-of-Use Treatment Devices for Drinking Water Polar Marine Phytoplankton Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Polymers in Activated Sludge Population Growth in Soils, Kinetics of Preservation of Algae for Toxicity Testing Pretreatment in Water Treatment Plants: Pathogen Removal Primary Productivity Primary Productivity in the Marine Environment Probes Probes: Rrna-Targeted Probes for Activated Sludge Processing of Subsurface Samples Prochlorococcus Productivity, Bacterioplankton Protection of Source Water Protistan Communities in Groundwater Protozoa (Free-Living) in Drinking Water Distribution Systems Protozoa in Activated Sludge Protozoa in Marine and Estuarine Waters Protozoa in Streams Protozoan Ciliates in Freshwater Ecosystems Protozoan Parasites Protozoan Parasites, Disinfection of Protozoan Parasites in Food Protozoan Parasites in Sediments Pseudomonas Psychrophiles Psychrophilic Bacteria Psychrophilic Bacteria: Isolation and Characterization Psychrophilic Microorganisms Psychrotolerant Microorganisms Psychrotrophic Bacteria Psychrotrophic Microorganisms Pulp and Paper Industry: Microbiological Aspects of Q Quality Assurance/Quality Control in Subsurface Sampling and Processing Quality, Soil Quality Quantification of Microbial Biomass Quorum Sensing in Biofilms R Radiation Effect on Bacteria Radiation Effects on Microorganisms Radioactive Waste Disposal, Geomicrobiology of Rainwater Roof Catchment Systems, Microbial Quality of Red Tides and Other Harmful Algal Blooms Reedbeds for Wastewater Treatment Regrowth of Bacteria in Water Distribution Systems Regulation of Bottled Water Regulation of the Commercial Uses of Microorganisms Regulations for Drinking Water Removal of Pathogenic Microbes by Granular High-Rate Filtration RESIDENTIAL ENVIRONMENTS Retention of Microorganisms on Solid Substrata Rhizosphere Rhizosphere, Archaea in Rhizosphere Microbiology Rhizospheric Effect Ribosomal RNA-Targeted Probes. Ribotyping Ribotyping Methods for Assessment of in situ Microbial Community Structure Ribotyping of Microbial Communities Rice Agriculture Rice Soils Risk Assessment Risk Assessment of Environmental Exposure to Viruses v vi TABLE OF CONTENTS Riverine Biofilms Rivers, Periphyton in Root Exudates Root Secretions Rotaviruses Rural Water Supplies S Salinity Effects on the Physiology of Soil Microorganisms Salinity Tolerance Salmonella in Aquatic Environments Salt Production Salt Production, Involvement of Microorganisms in Sampling in Subsurface Environments Sampling of Bioaerosols Sampling Techniques for Environmental Microbiology Screening Chemical Toxicity in Soils Seagrasses Communities Sea Ice Microorganisms Sediments Sediment Sampling Sediments and PLFA Analysis Sediments, Archaea in Sediments, Bioremediation of Sediments: Nitrification in Sediments, Nitrogen Fixation in Sediments: Sulfate Reduction in Marine Sediments S Gases S-Layer, Archaeal Septic Tank Systems Sequencing Batch Biofilm Reactor (SBBR) Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) Technology Shelf Storage of Bottled Water Shellfish, Salmonella in Shigella Siderophores Siderophores in Marine Bacteria Siliceous Structures of Chrysophytes Silicon in Marine Microorganisms Sludge Sludge, Granules in Snow and Ice Environments Soil Archaea Soil Bacteria Soil Bioremediation (Pesticides) Soilborne Diseases, Biocontrol of Soil Crusts, Biological Soil Distribution of Microorganisms Soil Enzymes Soil Formation, Role of Microorganisms Soil Fungi: Nature’s Nutritional Network Soil Genetic Ecology Soil Microbial Biomass Soil and Soil Microorganisms Soil Nitrogen Cycle Soil Quality Soil Quality: The Role of Microorganisms Soil Sampling Soil Slurry Sequencing Batch Reactor (Ss-Sbr) Soils, Biodegradation in Soils, Biodiversity in Soils, Distribution of Microorganisms in Soils, Kinetics of Microbial Processes Soil Toxicity Tests Soils, Virus Survival in Solar Power: Disinfection of Cistern Water Solid Wastes Solid Wastes Microbiology Solvents, Effects on Microorganisms Solvent-Tolerant Bacteria Sorption Properties of Biofilms Sorting of Microbial Cells. Source Water Protection: Microbiology of Source Water Sources of Fecal Contamination Spa and Hot Tub Microbiology TABLE OF CONTENTS S Space Microbiology: Effects of Ionizing Radiation on Microorganisms in Space Space Microbiology: Microgravity and Microorganisms Space: Survival in Space Space Vacuum Spatial Distribution of Microorganisms in Soils Spores As Indicators Stalk-Forming Bacteria Starvation of Microorganisms in Subsurface Sediments Statistical Analysis Storage of Environmental Samples Storage Polymers: Role in the Ecology of Activated Sludge Stream Microbiology Streams, Periphyton in Streptococci, Fecal Stress Stress Genes Stress Proteins Stress Response in Archaea Stress Response in Bacteria Stress Response in Bacteria: Heat Shock Stromatolites Subaerial Communities Subsurface Microbial Communities: Diversity of Culturable Microorganisms Subsurface Microbiology Subsurface Samples: Collection and Processing Subsurface Sampling Subsurface Sedimentary Environments Subsurface Sediments Sulfate Reducing Bacteria Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria: Environmental and Technological Aspects Sulfate Reducing Bacteria in Petroleum Reservoirs Sulfate Reduction in Marine Sediments Sulfur Bacteria in Drinking Water Sulfur Cycle Sulfur Cycle in Soils Sulfur Oxidizing Bacteria Surfaces Suspended Biofilms Sustainable Agriculture Sustainable Agriculture: Role of Microorganisms Sustainable Solid Waste Management Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation T Textile Industry and Bioaerosols Thermophiles Thermophiles: Anaerobic Alkalithermophiles Thermophiles, Diversity of Thermophilic Alkaliphiles Tnt Biodegradation Toxicity of Metals to Microorganisms Toxicity of Organic Solvents to Microorganisms Toxicity Testing in Soil, Use of Microbial and Enzymatic Tests Toxicity Testing in Wastewater Treatment Plants Using Microorganisms Toxigenic Molds Toxins, Microbial Toxoplasma gondii Trace Elements in Marine Microorganisms Trace Gases Soil Tracers in Groundwater: Use of Microorganisms and Microspheres Transport of Bacteria Through Soils Transport of Pathogens in Surface Waters Trophic State and Algal Community Structure U Unbalanced Growth Conditions Uranium Cycling Use of Cold-Adapted Microorganisms in Biotechnology Use of Microscopic Algae in Toxicity Testing UV Disinfection—Theory to Practice V Vadose Zone Microbiology Viable But Not Culturable (Vbnc) Viable But Not Culturable (VBNC) Microorganisms Viable Counts in Environmental Samples Viral Aerosols Viral Diseases Viral Disinfection Virus Survival in Soils Virus Transport in The Subsurface Virus Transport Though Soils Viruses and Protozoan Parasites in Food, Including Methodology Viruses: Astroviruses Viruses: Caliciviruses Viruses, Concentration and Detection Viruses: Enteroviruses Viruses: Hepatitis Viruses Viruses in Drinking Water and Groundwater Viruses in Food Viruses in the Marine Environment Viruses in Waste Stabilization Ponds Viruses: Rotaviruses Volcanic Tuffs: Deep Subsurface Microbiology of W Wastewater and Biosolids as Sources of Airborne Microorganisms Wastewater Stabilization Ponds Wastewater Treatment and Bioaerosols Wastewater Treatment and Giardia Wastewater Treatment Microbiology v vi TABLE OF CONTENTS Wastewater Treatment, Microbiology of Wastewater Treatment-Septic Tank Systems Water Activity Water Distribution Systems Water Fungi as Decomposers in Freshwater Ecosystems Water Sampling Water Treatment Plants: Protozoa in Spent Filter Backwash Water Weathering Weathering, Microbiol Weathering: Mineral Weathering and Microbial Metabolism Wetlands Wetlands and Readbeds for Wastewater Treatment Wetlands: Biodegradation of Organic Pollutants Wetlands, Fungal Activity in Wetlands, Periphyton in White Rot Fungi White Rot Fungi in Bioremediation Wood Decomposition By Fungi Wood Degrading Fungi Wood Processing and Bioaerosols X Xerotolerant Microorganisms Z Zoonotic Transmission of Parasites Zoonotic Transmission of Pathogens