The environment as hazard 2nd ed
- نوع فایل : کتاب
- زبان : انگلیسی
- مؤلف : Ian Burton; Robert W Kates; Gilbert F White
- ناشر : New York : Guilford Press
- چاپ و سال / کشور: 1993
- شابک / ISBN : 9780203989869
Description
Contents Illustrations vii Preface to the Second Edition x Preface xii 1 Is the Environment Becoming More Hazardous? 1 Bangladesh, 1970 2 Tropical Storm Agnes, 1972 5 Trends in Losses 8 Global Events 10 Selected Hazards in the United States 15 Policy and Organization 17 Bangladesh and Tropical Storm Agnes Revisited 21 Features in Common 22 A Crucial Time 27 2 Hazard, Response, and Choice 30 Extreme Events in Nature and Natural Hazards 30 Environmental Parameters for Human Response 33 Response to Hazards 45 Choices and Decisions 60 3 The Range of Experience 64 Agricultural Drought 66 Flood 72 Tropical Cyclone 76 Air Pollution 81 Hazard and the National Experience 87 Development and the National Experience 88 4 Individual Choice 92 How do People Choose Adjustments? 93 Elements in the Choice Process 96 Comparative Study Sites 100 Appraising Hazard 105 Characteristic Appraisals and Choices 108 Four Behavior Patterns 117 Implications of Individual Choice 119 5 Collective Action 121 Collective Life 122 Adjustments Processes of Choice 139 The Appraisal of Hazard 140 Perception and Creation of Adjustments 141 Adoption of Adjustments Maintenance and Change 157 6 National Policy 159 National Appraisals of Hazard 160 National Experience in Coping 163 Types of National Policies 170 Directions for National Policy 178 7 International Action 180 What Is Worth Sharing? 182 What Is Worth Doing Jointly? 191 8 Natural Extremes and Social Resilience 212 Modes of Coping 213 The Mix of Adjustments 219 v 126 145 The Causes of Natural Disaster 221 Environmental Change 225 Societal Change 226 Is a Less Hazardous Environment Attainable? 230 By Way of Summary… 232 9 Emerging Synthesis 234 The Reach of Research 234 The International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction 246 The Challenge of Global Environmental Change 249 Appendix: National and Comparative Studies 256 References 258 Index 278 vi
