Animals as sentinels of environmental health hazards
- نوع فایل : کتاب
- زبان : انگلیسی
- مؤلف : National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Animals as Monitors of Environmental Hazards.
- ناشر : Washington, D.C. : National Academy Press,
- چاپ و سال / کشور: 1991
- شابک / ISBN : 9780309040464
Description
Executive Summary 1 1 Introduction 19 Overview 19 Purpose of the Study 19 Historical Use of Animal Sentinels 21 Current Use of Animal Sentinels in Risk Assessment 21 Structure of the Report 30 2 Concepts and Definitions 33 Characteristics of Animal Sentinel Systems 33 Objectives of Monitoring Animals Sentinels 40 Animal Sentinel Systems in Observational Epidemiologic Studies 45 Animal Sentinel Systems in Experimental Epidemiologic Studies 48 Advantages and Limitations of Animal Sentinel Systems 48 3 Food Animals as Sentinels 53 Descriptive Epidemiologic Studies 54 Analytic Epidemiologic Studies 64 Summary 65 4 Companion Animals as Sentinels 69 Descriptive Epidemiologic: Studies 70 Analytic Epidemiologic Studies 71 Summary 80 5 Fish and Other Wildlife as Sentinels 81 Descriptive Epidemiologic Studies 81 CONTENTS xi Analytic Epidemiologic Studies 93 In Situ Studies 99 Summary 101 6 Animal Sentinels in Risk Assessment 103 Use of Animal Sentinel Systems in Exposure Assessment 105 Use of Animal Sentinel Systems in Hazard Identification 109 Use of Animal Sentinel Systems in Dose-Response Assessment 111 Use of Animal Sentinel Systems in Risk Characterization 111 Use of Animal Sentinel Systems in Risk Management 116 Summary 118 7 Selection and Application of Animal Sentinel Systems in Risk Assessment 121 System Design 123 Implementation 126 Validation 128 Program Integration 129 8 Conclusions and Recommendations 131 References 137 Appendix: May 1988 Workshop Participants 159
