Informing an effective response to climate change
- نوع فایل : کتاب
- زبان : انگلیسی
- مؤلف : National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on America's Climate Choices.; National Research Council (U.S.). Panel on Informing Effective Decisions an
- ناشر : Washington, D.C. : National Academies Press
- چاپ و سال / کشور: 2010
- شابک / ISBN : 9780309145947
Description
INTRODUCTION 19 The Challenge of Climate Change, 20 Decision Makers, Their Information Needs, and the Challenge of Resource Allocation, 25 Barriers to Effective Decision Making, 29 The Scope and Purpose of This Report, 42 Organization of This Report, 44 2 MANY DIFFERENT DECISION MAKERS ARE MAKING CHOICES TO RESPOND TO CLIMATE CHANGE 47 States, Cities, and Local Governments, 49 Business Sector, 59 Non-governmental Organizations, 72 Federal Government, 73 The Law and Climate Change, 84 Conclusions and Recommendations, 86 3 DECISION FRAMEWORKS FOR EFFECTIVE RESPONSES TO CLIMATE CHANGE 91 Why Responding to Climate Change Needs a Decision Framework, 93 Other Ways of Making Decisions, 97 Fundamental Elements of a Risk Management Framework, 103 The Utility of Adaptive Governance in Decision Making About Climate Change, 117 Conclusions and Recommendations, 121 4 RESOURCES FOR EFFECTIVE CLIMATE DECISIONS 123 Whose Decisions? Which Resources?, 125 Decision Support Tools: Their Characteristics and Uses, 130 Understanding Impacts and Informing Adaptation Decisions, 150 Understanding the Value of Information for Resource Allocation, 153 Assessments as Tools for Climate-Related Decision Making, 161 Conclusions and Recommendations, 164 Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Informing an Effective Response to Climate Change http://www.nap.edu/catalog/12784.html xviii C O N T E N T S 5 CLIMATE SERVICES: INFORMING AMERICA ABOUT CLIMATE VARIABILITY AND CHANGE, IMPACTS, AND RESPONSE OPTIONS 167 The Need for Climate Services, 170 Potential Functions of Climate Services, 178 Recommendations from Prior Reports, 185 Institutional Considerations, 189 Goals for Climate Services Operation, 197 Metrics for Evaluating Performance of Climate Services, 201 Conclusions and Recommendations, 201 6 INFORMING GREENHOUSE GAS MANAGEMENT 205 Greenhouse Gas Accounting Systems, 205 Information on Emissions and Energy Use and the Public Response to Climate Change, 222 Institutional Options for Informed Greenhouse Gas Management, 229 Competition and Equity Considerations, 230 Conclusions and Recommendations, 231 7 INTERNATIONAL INFORMATION NEEDS 235 Economic and Market Couplings, 235 Shared Resources and Ecological Services, 237 Human Health, 239 Humanitarian Reasons, 239 National Security, 241 Ways Forward, 242 Conclusions and Recommendations, 249 8 EDUCATION AND COMMUNICATION 251 K-12, Higher Education, and Informal Science Education, 252 The General Public, 258 Communication and Education for Decision Makers, 274 Conclusions and Recommendations, 276
"Global climate change is one of America's most significant long-term policy challenges. Human activity--especially the use of fossil fuels, industrial processes, livestock production, waste disposal, and land use change--is affecting global average temperatures, snow and ice cover, sea-level, ocean acidity, growing seasons and precipitation patterns, ecosystems, and human health. Climate-related decisions are being carried out by almost every agency of the federal government, as well as many state and local government leaders and agencies, businesses and individual citizens. Decision makers must contend with the availability and quality of information, the efficacy of proposed solutions, the unanticipated consequences resulting from decisions, the challenge of implementing chosen actions, and must consider how to sustain the action over time and respond to new information. Informing an Effective Response to Climate Change, a volume in the America's Climate Choices series, describes and assesses different activities, products, strategies, and tools for informing decision makers about climate change and helping them plan and execute effective, integrated responses. It discusses who is making decisions (on the local, state, and national levels), who should be providing information to make decisions, and how that information should be provided. It covers all levels of decision making, including international, state, and individual decision making. While most existing research has focused on the physical aspect of climate change, Informing an Effective Response to Climate Change employs theory and case study to describe the efforts undertaken so far, and to guide the development of future decision-making resources. Informing an Effective Response to Climate Change offers much-needed guidance to those creating public policy and assists in implementing that policy. The information presented in this book will be invaluable to the research community, especially social scientists studying climate change; practitioners of decision-making assistance, including advocacy organizations, non-profits, and government agencies; and college-level teachers and students."--Publisher description.
