Adverse drug interactions : a handbook for prescribers

Part 1 Cardiovascular drugs ......................................................... 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 1 Aliskiren ......................................................................................................................................... 7 Antiarrhythmics ........................................................................................................................... 8 Antihypertensives and heart failure drugs .................................................................. 34 Antiplatelet drugs ................................................................................................................... 54 Beta-blockers ............................................................................................................................. 62 Calcium channel blockers ..................................................................................................... 78 Cardiac glycosides .................................................................................................................... 98 Diuretics .................................................................................................................................... 107 Ivabradine ................................................................................................................................ 119 Lipid-lowering drugs ............................................................................................................ 120 Nitrates ...................................................................................................................................... 130 Peripheral vasodilators ....................................................................................................... 133 Potassium channel activators ........................................................................................... 137 Selective phosphodiesterase inhibitors ....................................................................... 138 Sympathomimetics ................................................................................................................ 138 Part 2 Drugs acting on the nervous system ............................ 147 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 147 Antidementia drugs ............................................................................................................. 155 Antidepressants ...................................................................................................................... 156 Antiemetics .............................................................................................................................. 203 Antiepileptics .......................................................................................................................... 209 Antimigraine drugs .............................................................................................................. 228 Antiobesity drugs .................................................................................................................. 236 Antiparkinson’s drugs ......................................................................................................... 239 Antipsychotics ......................................................................................................................... 251 Anxiolytics and hypnotics .................................................................................................. 263 CNS stimulants ........................................................................................................................ 274 Drug dependence therapies ............................................................................................. 279 Drugs used to treat neuromuscular diseases and movement disorders ....... 283Part 3 Anticancer and immunomodulating drugs .................. 287 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 287 Cytotoxics ................................................................................................................................. 289 Hormones and hormone antagonists .......................................................................... 346 Other immunomodulating drugs ................................................................................... 350 Part 4 Anticoagulants ............................................................... 389 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 389 Anticoagulants – oral .......................................................................................................... 390 Anticoagulants – parenteral ............................................................................................. 399 Thrombolytics .......................................................................................................................... 401 Part 5 Antidiabetic drugs ......................................................... 403 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 403 Insulin ........................................................................................................................................ 405 Metformin ............................................................................................................................... 413 Sulphonylureas ....................................................................................................................... 421 Other diabetic drugs ............................................................................................................ 433 Part 6 Other endocrine drugs ................................................... 453 Bisphosphonates ................................................................................................................... 454 Danazol .................................................................................................................................... 454 Desmopressin .......................................................................................................................... 454 Diazoxide ................................................................................................................................. 454 Dutasteride .............................................................................................................................. 454 Female sex hormones .......................................................................................................... 454 Gestrinone ............................................................................................................................... 454 Glucagon .................................................................................................................................. 454 Nandrolone .............................................................................................................................. 455 Somatropin (growth hormone) ...................................................................................... 455 Steroid replacement therapy ........................................................................................... 455 Strontium ranelate ............................................................................................................... 455 Testosterone ............................................................................................................................ 455 Thyroid hormones ................................................................................................................ 456 Trilostane ................................................................................................................................. 458 Part 7 Analgesics ....................................................................... 459 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 459 Acetaminophen ...................................................................................................................... 461 Nefopam ................................................................................................................................... 461 Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) ................................................... 462 Opioids ...................................................................................................................................... 470 Paracetamol ............................................................................................................................. 479 Part 8 Musculoskeletal drugs ................................................... 481 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 481 Antigout drugs ....................................................................................................................... 482 Drugs affecting bone metabolism ................................................................................. 488 CONTENTS viDrugs treating inflammatory arthropathies .......................................................... 488 Skeletal muscle relaxants ................................................................................................ 488 Part 9 Anaesthetic drugs .......................................................... 492 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 492 Anaesthetics – general ..................................................................................................... 494 Anaesthetics – local ........................................................................................................... 498 Anticholinesterases ........................................................................................................... 502 Antimuscarinics ................................................................................................................... 502 Benzodiazepines ................................................................................................................. 502 Dantrolene ............................................................................................................................ 502 Muscle relaxants – depolarizing and non-depolarizing ................................... 502 Opioids ................................................................................................................................... 505 Part 10 Drugs to treat infections ............................................. 506 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 506 Antibiotics – aminoglycosides ...................................................................................... 510 Antibiotics – beta-lactams .............................................................................................. 513 Antibiotics – macrolides .................................................................................................. 515 Antibiotics – penicillins .................................................................................................... 525 Antibiotics – quinolones ................................................................................................. 526 Antibiotics – rifamycins ................................................................................................... 532 Antibiotics – sulphonamides ......................................................................................... 541 Antibiotics – tetracyclines ............................................................................................... 546 Other antibiotics ................................................................................................................. 549 Antifungal drugs ................................................................................................................ 561 Antimalarials ........................................................................................................................ 580 Other antiprotozoals ........................................................................................................ 592 Antivirals – antiretrovirals .............................................................................................. 596 Antivirals – other ................................................................................................................ 628 Part 11 Drugs acting on the gastrointestinal tract ................. 633 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 633 Antacids ................................................................................................................................. 634 Antidiarrhoeals ................................................................................................................... 636 Antiemetics ........................................................................................................................... 637 Antimuscarinics ................................................................................................................... 637 Drugs affecting bile .......................................................................................................... 637 Drugs used to treat inflammatory bowel disease ............................................... 637 H2 receptor blockers ......................................................................................................... 638 Pancreatin .............................................................................................................................. 648 Proton pump inhibitors ................................................................................................... 649 Sucralfate ............................................................................................................................... 654 Tripotassium dicitratobismuthate .............................................................................. 655 Part 12 Respiratory drugs ......................................................... 656 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 656 Antihistamines ..................................................................................................................... 658 CONTENTS viiBronchodilators ................................................................................................................... 662 Doxapram .............................................................................................................................. 673 Leukotriene receptor antagonists .............................................................................. 673 Part 13 Metabolic drugs ............................................................ 675 Agalsidase .............................................................................................................................. 676 Laronidase ............................................................................................................................. 676 Penicillamine ........................................................................................................................ 676 Sodium phenylbutyrate ................................................................................................... 676 Trientine ................................................................................................................................ 676 Part 14 Drugs used in obstetrics and gynaecology ................ 677 Danazol .................................................................................................................................. 678 Ergometrine .......................................................................................................................... 678 Female hormones ............................................................................................................... 678 Gestrinone ............................................................................................................................. 684 Mifepristone ......................................................................................................................... 684 Oxytocics ............................................................................................................................... 684 Prostaglandins ..................................................................................................................... 684 Raloxifene .............................................................................................................................. 685 Tibolone ................................................................................................................................ 685 Part 15 Urological drugs ............................................................ 686 Urinary retention ............................................................................................................... 687 Urinary incontinence ........................................................................................................ 687 Erectile dysfunction ........................................................................................................... 688 Urinary alkalization ........................................................................................................... 690 Part 16 Drugs of abuse .............................................................. 691 Cannabis ................................................................................................................................ 692 Amphetamines .................................................................................................................... 699 Ecstasy (MDMA) .................................................................................................................. 701 Cocaine .................................................................................................................................. 703 Heroin ..................................................................................................................................... 704 Hallucinogens ...................................................................................................................... 704 Gamma hydroxybutyric acid ......................................................................................... 704 Amyl nitrite ........................................................................................................................... 704 Part 17 Miscellaneous ................................................................ 705 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 705 Alcohol ................................................................................................................................... 713 Grapefruit juice ................................................................................................................... 720 Minerals ................................................................................................................................. 733 Herbal drugs ......................................................................................................................... 742 Part 18 Over-the-counter drugs ................................................ 760 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 760 CONTENTS viii