Chemical events in the atmosphere and their impact on the environment : proceedings of a study week at the Pontifical Academy of Sciences, November 7-11, 1983

CARLOS CHAGAS: Foreword . List of Participants . Pontifical Audience . INTRODUCTION G.B. MARINI-BETT~LCOh: emical Events in the Atmosphere and Their Impact on the Environment (Introductory Remarks) I. STRUCTURE, COMPONENTS AND PRIMARY PROCESSES IN THE ATMOSPHERE D. PHILLIPSP:h otochemical Reactions in the Atmosphere . Discussion . A. PULLMAQNu:a ntum-Mechanical Studies on the Binding Pro- Discussion . perties of Small Atmosphere Molecules . V.M. CANUTOJ, .S. LEVINE, C.L. IMHOFFI., GOLDMANT.,R . AUGUSTSSOaNn d 0. HUBICKYTJh: e Young Sun, the Early Earth and the Photochemistry of Oxygen, Ozone and Formaldehyde in the Early Atmosphere . Discussion . XI11 xv XXI 3 7 23 25 45 51 99 X PONTIFICIAE ACADEMIAE SCIENTIARVM SCRIPTA VARIA - 56 F. ARNOLD: Atmospheric Ions . . 103 Discussion . * 135 J.R. WIESENFELDO: xygen Cycle in the Atmosphere . . 143 Discussion . . 173 C. BROSSETT: he Global Sulfur Budget . . 179 Discussion . . 197 C.J . HOWARDL:a boratory Studies of Atmospheric Radical Reactions . 203 Discussion . . 217 11. ATMOSPHERE AND THE SECONDARY PROCESSES: THE EFFECT OF GEOLOGICAL AND ANTHROPIC COMPONENTS W.L. CHAMEIDEaSn d D.D. DAVIS:T he Photochemistry of Tropospheric Trace Species: the Central Role of Radicals and Their Possible Variability . . 227 Discussion . . 255 G. FIOCCOP: erturbations of the Atmosphere and of the Climate System Induced by Volcanic Eruptions: Relevance of Some Specific Processes . . 261 Discussion . . 279 K.Ya. KONDRATYEVV.A, . IVANODV.,V . POZDNYAKaOndV M .A. PROKOFYENVa:t ural and Anthropogenic Aerosols: a Comparative Analysis . , 281 F.S. ROWLANDD, .R. BLAKE,S .C. TYLERa nd Y. MAKIDE:I ncreasing Concentrations of Perhalocarbons, Methylchloroform and Methane in the Atmosphere . . 305 Discussion . . 335 CHEMICAL EVENTS IN THE ATMOSPHERE AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT XI J.G. ANDERSONR: ole and Fate of Ozone in the Atmosphere 341 Discussion . . 379 . 111. THE EFFECTS ON THE ENVIRONMENT OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS IN THE ATMOSPHERE T.F. MALONE: Toward a Better Understanding of Atmospheric Chemistry . . 391 Discussion . . 401 R. REVELLE: Carbon Dioxide and Other Greenhouse Gases in Ocean, Atmosphere, and Biosphere, and Future Climatic Impacts . 405 F.K. HARE:C arbon Dioxide and Environment . . 429 Discussion . . 443 P.J. CRUTZENap d I.E. GALBALLAYt:m ospheric Conditions After a Nuclear War . . 457 Discussion . . 503 A. LIBERTI: Atmospheric Acidity . . 507 Discussion . . 533 J. LAG': Effects on Soils of Chemical Events in the Atmosphere 537 Discussion . . 547 IV. THE EFFECTS ON LIFE OF CHEMICAL EVENTS IN THE ATMOSPHERE W. KNABE: Effects of Chemical Air Pollution on Forests and Other Vegetation . . 553 Discussion . . 595 X I PONTIFICIAE ACADEMIAE SCIENTIARVM SCRIPTA VARIA - 56 G.B. MARINI-BETT~LCOhe:m ical Reactions in the Atmosphere and Their Impact on Human Health and Animal Life . 607 Discussion . . 619 E. SALATIa nd P.B. VOSE:T he Water Cycle in Tropical Forests, With Special Reference to the Amazon . . 623 S.O. WANDIGAE:f fects of Chemical Events on Environment in Africa . . 649 Discussion . . 665 FINAL CONSIDERATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS Final Considerations and Conclusions . . 677 SUBJECTIN DEX . AUTHOR INDEX . 693 . 701