Solid-phase extraction

CONTENTS PREFACE: SPE IN PERSPECTIVE CONTRIBUTOR 1 . INTRODUCTION TO SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION Nigel J . K . Simpson and Martha J . M . Wells I . THE SAMPLE PREPARATION PROBLEM I . SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION: WHAT IT DOES III . A BMEF HISTORY OF SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION I V. TERMINOLOG V. LITERA TURE A VI . AN 0 VER VIEW I . CONCLUSION REFERENCE 2 . SPE SORBENTS AND FORMAT Joseph J . Pesek and Maria T . Matyska I . INTRODUCTION II . SORBENT MA TE III. SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION APPARATUS I V. CONCLUSION REFERENCE 3 . THE SAMPLE MATRIX AND ITS INFLUENCE ON METHOD DEVELOPMENT Nigel J . K . Simpson and Paul M Wynne I. INTRODUCTION II. ANALYSIS OF T 111 . NEGA TION OF ANAL YTE/ I V. ASURVEYOFSAMPLE TYPES Copyright © 2000 by Taylor & Francis Group LLC V. CONCL USION REFERENCES 4 . HANDLING LARGE VOLUME SAMPLES: APPLICATIONS OF SPE TO ENVIRONMENTAL MATRICE Martha J . M . Wells I . INTRODUCTION I . LARGE VOLUM 111 . NATURAL ORGANIC MATT I V. HYDROPHILIC V. CONCLUSIONS REFERENCES 5 .S PE TECHNOLOGY .PRI NCIPLES AND PRACTICAL CONSEQUENCE Michael Henry I . INTRODUCTION II SORPTIVE PROCESSES III . PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF SPE DEVICES VI . CHAM CTERIZA TION OF SPE SORBENTS V. A SUMMARY OF SOL VENTS USED IN SPE VI . CONCLUSIONS REFERENCES 6 . THEORY MEETS PRACTIC Colin F . Poole and Salwa K . Poole I . INTRODUCTION II . PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTI DEVICES III . DETEMI I PREDICTION METHODS FOR BREAKTHROUGH VOLUMES V. RECOVER VI . SORBENT TRAPPING OF VOLATILE COMPOUNDS FROM AIR I . SO Copyright © 2000 by Taylor & Francis Group LLC VIII . CONCL USIONS REFERENCES 7 . SECONDARY INTERACTIONS AND MIXED-MODE EXTRACTIO Brian Law I . INTRODUCTION II . CATION-EXCHA Ill . HYDROGEN BONDING EFFECTS I V. MINIMIZA TION OF SECONDARY INTERACTIONS V. MIXED-MODE EXTRACTIONS VI . CONCL REFERENCES 8 . SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION FOR BROAD-SPECTRUM DRUG SCREENING IN TOXICOLOGICAL ANALYSIS Rokus R . De Zeeuw and Jan Piet Franke I . INTRODUCTION I1 . A GENERAL SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION PROCEDUR I11 . SPECIFIC CASE I V. GENERAL CONSIDERA TIONS V. A UTOMA TION AND SUBSEQ MODIFICA TIONS VI . MODIFICATION CONFIRMA TION TESTIN VlI . CONCL USION REFERENCES 9 . THE APPLICATION OF SPE TO VETERINARY DRUG ABUSE Paul M . Wynne I . INTRODUCTION I . THE USE OF SP III . EXAMPLES OF SUCCESSFUL EXTRACTIONS I V. LIMITA TIONS OF SPE FOR VETERINARY SA V. THE CRYSTAL BALL Copyright © 2000 by Taylor & Francis Group LLC VI . CONCLUSION REFERENCE 1 Steen H Ingwersen I . INTRODUCTION I . GENERAL CON III . A STRATEGY FOR METHOD DEVELOPMENT FOR PLASMA SAMPLE I V. EXTRACTING URINE AND SOLID TISSUE SAMPLE V . CONCLUSION REFERENCE 11 . SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION MEDIATED BY COVALENT BONDING: APPLICATIONS OF IMMOBILIZED PHENYLBORONIC ACI I.D. Wilson and P . Martin I . INTRODUCTION II . MECHANISMS OF INTERACTION OF ANALYTES WIT IMMOBILIZED PB II I. SPE APPLICATIONS OF IMMOBILIZED PB I V. CONCLUSION REFERENCE 12 . IMMUNO-AFFINITY EXTRACTIO Derek Stevenson. Badrul A.A. Rashid and Seyyed J Shahtaher I . INTRODUCTIO 1% TYPES OF AFFINITY COLUMN III . OPTIMIZA TION OF ANTIBODY-MEDM TED EXTRA CTI I V. APPLICA TION I V. CONCLUSION REFERENCE Copyright © 2000 by Taylor & Francis Group LLC 13 . MATRIX SOLID-PHASE DISPERSION (MSPD Steven A . Barker I . INTRODUCTIO I . THE COMPONENTS OF AN MSPD EXTRACTIO 111 . THE PARAMETERS OF AN MSPD EXTRACTIO I V. REQUIREMENTS FOR MSPD-DEDICA TED SORBENT V. CONCLUSION REFERENCE 14 . AUTOMATION OF SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION Lynn Jordan I . INTRODUCTION 11 . UNDERSTANDI I11 . WORKSTA TIONS FOR A UTOMA TED SP I V. A UTOMA TION OF SPE APPLICATIONS VI . CONCLUSION REFERENCES 15 . INTEGRATION OF SPE WITH THE ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUE. PART I - LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPH Nigel J.K. Simpson I . INTRODUCTION 1% THE DEVELOPMENT OF ON-LINE SPE/LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPH 111 THEORY AND PRACTICAL IMPLICA TIONS I V. APPLICATIONS OF ON-LINE SOLID-PHAS V. CONCLUSION REFERENCES 16 . INTEGRATION OF SPE WITH THE ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUE. PART I Nigel J.K. Simpson I . INTRODUCTION I1 . AL TERNA TIVE DESORPTION/TRA PPING STRA TEGIES Copyright © 2000 by Taylor & Francis Group LLC 111 . SPE AND SPECTROSCOPY I V. SPE AND GAS CHROMATOGRAPH V. OTHER ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUE VI . CONCL USION REFERENCES 17. CONCLUDING THOUGHTS .NEW DIRECTIONS FOR SPE Nigel J.K. Simpson I . WHERE DOES THE FUTURE OF SPE LIE? I1 . WHAT WILL PERMIT FUTURE SPE DEVELOPMENT? III . WHAT WILLDRIVEFUTURESPEDEVELOPMENT I V. WHATEFFECT WILL THESE CHANGES HAVE ON THE SPE DE VICE ITSELF? V. HO W WILL THE SOR VI . WILL SPE EVER BECOME A REDUNDANT TECHNOLO REFERENCE APPENDIX 1 A SUMMARY OF COMMON MATRIXPROPERTIES AND COMPONENT APPENDIX 2 A COMPARISON BETWEEN SOLID-PHASE EXTRA CTnN AND OTHER SAMPLE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES APPENDIX 3 ION EXCHANGE EXTRACTION APPENDIX 4 A SUMMARY OF CURRENT SUPPLIERS OF SPE AUTOMATION EQUIPMEN Copyright ©