Handbook of food engineering practice.

Chapter 1 Pipeline Design Calculations for Newtonian and Non-Newtonian Fluids James F. Steffe and R. Paul Singh Chapter 2 Sterilization Process Engineering Hosahalli S. Ramaswamy, and R. Paul Singh Chapter 3 Prediction of Freezing Time and Design of Food Freezers Donald J. Cleland and Kenneth J. Valentas Chapter 4 Design and Performance Evaluation of Dryers Guillermo H. Crapiste and Enrique Rotstein Chapter 5 Design and Performance Evaluation of Membrane Systems Jatal D. Mannapperuma Chapter 6 Design and Performance Evaluation of Evaporation Chin Shu Chen and Ernesto Hernandez Chapter 7 Material and Energy Balances Brian E. Farkas and Daniel F. Farkas Chapter 8 Food Packaging Materials, Barrier Properties, and Selection Ruben J. Hernandez Chapter 9 Kinetics of Food Deterioration and Shelf-Life Prediction Petros S. Taoukis, Theodore P. Labuza, and I. Sam Saguy Chapter 10 Temperature Tolerance of Foods during Distribution John Henry Wells and R. Paul Singh Copyright © 1997 CRC Press, LLC Chapter 11 Definition, Measurement, and Prediction of Thermophysical and Rheological Properties Martin J. Urbicain and Jorge E. Lozano Chapter 12 Dough Processing Systems Leon Levine and Ed Boehmer Chapter 13 Cost and Profitability Estimation J. Peter Clark Chapter 14 Simulation and Optimization Enrique Rotstein, Julius Chu, and I. Sam Saguy Chapter 15 CIP Sanitary Process Design Dale A. Seiberling Chapter 16 Process Control David Bresnahan Chapter 17 Food Chemistry for Engineers Joseph J. Warthesen and Martha R. Meuhlenkamp Copyright © 1997 CRC Press, LLC 1 Pipeline Design Calculations for Newtonian and Non-Newtonian Fluids James F. Steffe and R. Paul Singh CONTENTS 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Mechanical Energy Balance 1.2.1 Fanning Friction Factor 1.2.1.1 Newtonian Fluids 1.2.1.2 Power Law Fluids 1.2.1.3 Bingham Plastic Fluids 1.2.1.4 Herschel-Bulkley Fluids 1.2.1.5 Generalized Approach to Determine Pressure Drop in a Pipe 1.2.2 Kinetic Energy Evaluation 1.2.3 Friction Losses: Contractions, Expansions, Valves, and Fittings 1.3 Example Calculations 1.3.1 Case 1: Newtonian Fluid in Laminar Flow 1.3.2 Case 2: Newtonian Fluid in Turbulent Flow 1.3.3 Case 3: Power Law Fluid in Laminar Flow 1.3.4 Case 4: Power Law Fluid in Turbulent Flow 1.3.5 Case 5: Bingham Plastic Fluid in Laminar Flow 1.3.6 Case 6: Herschel-Bulkley Fluid in Laminar Flow 1.4 Velocity Profiles in Tube Flow 1.4.1 Laminar Flow 1.4.2 Turbulent Flow 1.4.2.1 Newtonian Fluids 1.4.2.2 Power Law Fluids 1.5 Selection of Optimum Economic Pipe Diameter Nomenclature References Copyright ©