Growing gourmet and medicinal mushrooms : a companion guide to The mushroom cultivator

1.Mushrooms,CivilizationandHistory ............. 1 ...... 5 The Mycorrhizal Gourmet Mushrooms: Matsutake, Boletus, Chanterelles & Truffles 5 Parasitic Mushrooms: Blights of the Forest 9 Saprophytic Mushrooms: The Decomposers 10 The Global Environmental Shift and The Loss of Species Diversity 13 Catastrophia: Nature as a Substrate Supplier 14 Mushrooms and Toxic Wastes 14 Mushroom Mycelium and Mycofiltration 15 3.SelectingaCandidateforCultivation..... . ..... . 17 Woodland Mushrooms 18 Grassland Mushrooms 18 Dung Inhabiting Mushrooms 19 Compost' Litter/Disturbed Habitat Mushrooms 19 4. Natural Culture: Creating Mycological Landscapes .... 21 Some Wild Mushrooms Naturally Found in Beds of Wood Chips 23 Methods of Mushroom Cultivation 24 Spore Mass Inoculation 24 Transplantation: Mining Mycelium from Wild Patches 26 Inoculating Outdoor Substrates with Pure Cultured Spawn 26 When to Inoculate an Outdoor Mushroom Patch 30 Site Location of a Mushroom Patch 30 Stumps as Platforms for Growing Mushrooms 31 Log Culture 34 5. The Stainetsian Model: Permaculture with a Mycological Twist 41 6.MaterialsforFormulatingaFruitingSubstrate . 47 Raw Materials 48 Suitable Wood Types: Candidate Tree Species 48 List of Suitable Tree Species for the Cultivation of Gourmet & Medicinal Mushrooms... 50 Cereal Straws 53 Corncobs and Cornstalks 54 Coffe and Banana Plants 54 PDF compression, OCR, web-optimization with CVISION's PdfCompressor Viii GROWING GOURMET AND MEDICINAL MUSHROOMS Soybean Waste 55 Supplements 55 Structure of the Habitat 56 7. Biological Efficiency: An Expression of Yield 57 8. Home-madevs.CommercialSpawn 61 9. 'I'he 1\'Iiishroorn Life (ycle 65 10. The Six Vectors ofContaniination . . . . . 75 11. MindandMethodsforMushroomCulture 83 Overview of, Techniques for Cultivating Mushrooms 85 12. CulturingMushroomMyceliumonAgarMedia ......... 89 Preparing Nutrified Agar Media 89 Malt Extract, Yeast Agar 90 Potato, Dextrose, Yeast Agar 90 Oatmeal, Malt, Yeast Enriched Agar 90 DogFoodAgar 90 Corn Meal, Yeast, Glucose Agar 90 Nitrogen & Carbohydrate Supplements 91 End-Substrate Supplements 92 Pouring Agar Media 92 Starting a Mushroom Strain by Cloning 93 Cloning Wild Specimens vs. Cloning Cultivated Mushrooms 96 How to Collect Spores 96 Germinating Spores 100 Purifying a Culture 101 13. The Stock Culture Library: A Genetic Bank of Mushroom Strains..... 103 Preserving the Culture Library 104 The Stamets "P" Value System for Age Determination of a Strain 106 Iconic Types of Mushroom Mycelium 108 The Event of Volunteer Primordia on Nutrified Agar Media 115 14. EvaluatingaMushroomStrain . .................. 117 28 Features for Evaluating and Selecting a Mushroom Strain 118 15. Generating Grain Spa'svn . 127 Formulas for Creating Grain Spawn 129 Grain Formulas for Spawn Production 130 First Generation Grain-Spawn Masters 133 Steps for Generating Grain Spawn Masters 134 Second and Third Generation Grain Spawn 135 PDF compression, OCR, web-optimization with CVISION's PdfCompressor GROWING GOURMET AND MEDICINAL MUSHROOMS IX Steps for Creating Second and Third Generation Grain Spawn 136 Autoclavable Spawn Bags 139 Liquid Inoculation Techniques 142 Spore Mass Inoculation 142 Liquid Inoculation Techniques: Mycelial Fragmentation and Fermentation 146 Pelletized (Granular) Spawn 151 Matching the Spawn with the Substrate: Critical Choices on the Mycelial Path 152 Spawn Storage 153 16. treating Sasvdtist Spawn 155 Step-by-Step Instructions for Inoculating Sawdust 156 17. Growing Gourmet Mushrooms on Enriched Sawdust 161 The Supplemented Sawdust "Fruiting" Formula: Creating the Production Block 162 Testing For Moisture Content 164 Choosing a Sterilizer, a.k.a the Retort or Autoclave 165 Sterilization of Supplemented Substrates 167 Post-Autoclaving 170 Unloading the Autoclave 170 Atmospheric Steam Sterilization of Sawdust Substrates 171 Inoculation of Supplemented Sawdust: Creating the Production Block 173 Incubation of the Production Blocks 176 Achieving Full Colonization on Supplemented Sawdust 177 Handling the Bags Post Full Colonization 179 18. Cultivating Gourmet Mushrooms on Agricultural Waste Products .... 181 Alternative Fruiting Formulas 182 Heat Treating the Bulk Substrate 183 Alternative Methods for Rendering Straw & other Bulk Substrates for Mushroom Cultivation 189 19. Cropping Containers 191 Tray Culture 192 Vertical Wall Culture 195 Slanted Wall or "A" Frame Culture 196 Bag Culture 196 Column Culture 198 Bottle Culture 204 20. Casing: A Topsoil Promoting Mushroom Formation . .... 209 21. Growth Parameters for Gourmet and Medicinal Mushroom Species... 211 Spawn Run: Colonizing the Substrate 212 Primordia Formation: The Initiation Strategy 213 PDF compression, OCR, web-optimization with CVISION's PdfCompressor x GROWING GOURMET AND MEDICINAL MUSHROOMS Fruitbody (Mushroom) Development 217 The Gilled Mushrooms 219 The Black Poplar Mushroom of the Genus Agrocybe 220 Agrocybe aegerita The Shaggy Mane of the Genus Coprinus 224 Coprinus comatus The Enoki Mushroom 229 Flamniulina velutipes The Clustered Wood-lovers 236 Hvpholoma capnoides, Brown Gilled Woodlover 237 Hypholoma sub! ateritium, Kuritake (The Chestnut Mushroom) 242 The Beech Mushrooms 246 Hypsizvgus tessulatus, Buna-Shimeji 247 Hypsizygus ulmarius, Shirotamogitake 254 The Shiitake Mushroom 259 Lentinula edodes The Nameko Mushroom 277 Pholiota nameko The Oyster Mushrooms 283 Pleurotus citrinopileatus, The Golden Oyster Mushroom 285 Pleurotus cvstidiosus, The Abalone Mushroom 292 Pleurotus djamor The Pink Oyster Mushroom 297 Pleurotus eryngii, The King Oyster Mushroom 304 Pleurotus euosmus, The Tarragon Oyster Mushroom 309 Pleurotus ostreatus, The Tree Oyster Mushroom 313 Pleurotus pulmonarius "P sajor-caju ", The Phoenix or Indian Oyster Mushroom 321 The Caramel Capped Psilocybes 327 Psilocybe cyanescens complex The King Stropharia of the Genus Stropharia 335 Stropharia rugoso-annulata The Paddy Straw Mushroom of the Genus Volvariella 343 Volvariella volvacea The Polypore Mushrooms of the Genera Ganoderma, Grifola and Polyporus 351 Ganodernia lucidurn, Reishi or Ling Chi 355 frondosa, Maitake or Hen-of-the-Woods 370 Polyporus umbeilatus, Zhu Ling or the Umbrella Polypore 380 The Lion's Mane of the Genus Hericium 387 Hericium erinaceus, Lion's Mane The Wood Ears of the Genus Auricularia 395 Auricularia polytricha The Morels: Land-Fish Mushrooms of the Genus Morchella 401 The Morel Life Cycle 404 The Development of Indoor Morel Cultivation 405 PDF