Road safety performance : national peer review : Russian Federation.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS................................................................................................................. 3 FOREWORD ...................................................................................................................................... 5 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PRIORITY ACTIONS........................... 11 1. INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................................... 19 1.1. Background .......................................................................................................................... 20 1.2. Terms of reference ............................................................................................................... 20 1.3. Information sources.............................................................................................................. 20 1.4. Report structure.................................................................................................................... 21 2. INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE......................................................................................... 23 2.1. Introduction......................................................................................................................... 24 2.2. Road traffic injury - international trends and comparisons.................................................... 24 2.3. Key changes in global road safety thinking .......................................................................... 25 2.4. International policy context – resolutions, targets and calls for action .................................. 28 2.4.1. Introduction................................................................................................................. 28 2.4.2. ECMT targets (Bucharest Council, 29-30 May 2002).................................................. 28 2.4.3. United Nations Resolution 58/289 (Improving Global Road Safety, 11 May 2004)........................................................... 29 2.4.4. United Nations Fifty-seventh World Health Assembly Resolution .............................. 29 2.4.5. Children’s Environment and Health Action Plan for Europe – 23-24 June 2004...................................................................................................... 30 2.4.6. Conclusion .................................................................................................................. 30 3. ROAD SAFETY IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION ............................................................... 33 3.1. Introduction - national context.............................................................................................. 34 3.1.1. Geography, climate, population................................................................................... 34 3.1.2. Political and administrative context............................................................................. 35 3.1.3. Economic trends.......................................................................................................... 35 3.2. Transport sector.................................................................................................................... 36 3.2.1. Transport infrastructure............................................................................................... 36 3.2.2. Motorisation................................................................................................................ 37 3.2.3. The Russian Federation Transport Strategy ................................................................. 39 3.2.4. Conclusions – the national context .............................................................................. 40 3.3. Road safety situation ............................................................................................................ 41 3.3.1. Data sources................................................................................................................ 41 3.3.2. Data limitations........................................................................................................... 42 3.3.3. Overview of national road crash injury data ................................................................ 43 3.3.4. Impact on health sector ............................................................................................... 50 3.3.5. Socio-economic costs.................................................................................................. 50 3.3.6. Police-reported contributory factors to road crashes and injuries................................. 50 3.3.7. Conclusions - statistical data on road traffic crashes, injuries, costs............................. 52 TABLE OF CONTENTS ROAD SAFETY PERFORMANCE, National Peer Review: Russian Federation – ISBN 8 92-821-0355-2 – © ECMT, 2006 4. ROAD SAFETY MANAGEMENT IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION................................. 55 4.1. Introduction......................................................................................................................... 56 4.2. Road safety responsibilities .................................................................................................. 56 4.2.1. National responsibilities .............................................................................................. 56 4.2.2. Regional and local government responsibilities........................................................... 59 4.2.3. Research sector ........................................................................................................... 59 4.2.4. Non-governmental road safety organisations............................................................... 60 4.2.5. The media ................................................................................................................... 60 4.3. The legal basis for road safety policy ................................................................................... 60 4.3.1. Federal law on road safety........................................................................................... 60 4.3.2. Road Traffic Rules of the Russian Federation ............................................................. 61 4.3.3. The Russian Federation Code concerning Administrative Offences ............................ 61 4.3.4. The Federal Law “On Technical Regulations” ............................................................ 62 4.4. Road safety programmes during the last decade ................................................................... 63 4.4.1. The First Road Safety Programme (1996-1998) .......................................................... 63 4.4.2. The Second Road Safety Programme (2002-2010)...................................................... 64 4.4.3. The road safety elements of the Transport Strategy - 2003 .......................................... 65 4.4.4. The Third Road Safety Programme (under development at the time of peer review) ................................................................................................................ 66 4.5. Road safety measures in the Russian Federation................................................................... 67 4.5.1. Driver licensing and testing......................................................................................... 67 4.5.2. Safety of the road infrastructure .................................................................................. 67 4.5.3. Vehicle safety standards and technical inspection ....................................................... 69 4.5.4. Setting and securing compliance with key safety rules ................................................ 71 4.5.5. Post-impact care.......................................................................................................... 75 5. ROAD SAFETY MANAGEMENT: ENHANCING PERFORMANCE .................................. 77 5.1. Introduction......................................................................................................................... 78 5.2. Measures to enhance performance........................................................................................ 78 5.2.1. Political leadership: lead agency; inter-governmental co-ordination ............................ 79 5.2.2. Assessing the problem, policies and institutional settings for road safety .................... 85 5.2.3. Improving data systems across transport, health and justice sectors............................. 86 5.2.4. Improving the penalty system and respect for traffic law ............................................ 87 5.2.5. National road safety visions, targets, strategies and plans of action ............................. 87 5.2.6. Allocating financial and human resources ................................................................... 90 5.2.7. Implement specific actions to prevent road traffic crashes, minimise injuries and their consequences and evaluate the impact of these actions .................... 94 5.2.8. Development of national capacity and international co-operation.............................. 116 5.2.9. Conclusions............................................................................................................... 117 TABLE OF CONTENTS ROAD SAFETY PERFORMANCE, National Peer Review: Russian Federation – ISBN 92-821-0355-2 – © ECMT, 2006 9 Appendix 1 A BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE SWEDISH VISION ZERO POLICY .................. 121 Appendix 2 A BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE DUTCH SUSTAINABLE SAFETY POLICY ................................................................................................. 122 Appendix 3 THE MAIN RISK FACTORS FOR ROAD INJURIES .......................................... 123 Appendix 4 KEY ROAD SAFETY STRATEGIES AND INTERVENTIONS .......................... 125 Appendix 5 THE ECMT ROAD SAFETY TARGET AND MONITORING PROCEDURE .............................................................................. 127 Appendix 6 THREE LEVELS OF ROAD SAFETY PROBLEMS IN ECMT COUNTRIES ........................................................................................ 129 Appendix 7 THE BRITISH PENALTY POINTS SYSTEM ...................................................... 131 Appendix 8 THE DUTCH ROAD HIERARCHY ...................................................................... 134 GLOSSARY .................................................................................................................................. 135 List of Boxes 5.1. New Zealand’s National Road Safety Committee (NSRC) ...................................................... 81 5.2. Interministerial Conference for Road Safety (CISR) in France ................................................ 81 5.3. Parliamentary highlights in Europe and Australia .................................................................... 83 5.4. Sources of NGO funding ......................................................................................................... 84 5.5. Successful NGOs in Sweden and the United Kingdom ............................................................84 5.6. The critical components of long-term road safety work in the Russian Federation ................... 94 5.7. Re-classifying the urban network in the Netherlands ............................................................... 97 5.8. Percentage of urban roads treated with 30 km/h ...................................................................... 98 5.9. The benefits of police radar operations .................................................................................. 101 5.10. The benefits of speed camera enforcement ............................................................................ 102 5.11. Key strategies for pedestrian safety ....................................................................................... 104 5.12. Pro-vulnerable road user transportation strategy in York, United Kingdom ........................... 104 5.13. Urban safety management in Baden, Austria ......................................................................... 105 List of Tables 3.1. Average per capita income (per month; rubles) in the Russian Federation and in some Russian regions: 2003 ................................................................................................36 3.2. Transport infrastructure length in the Russian Federation in 2003 ...........................................36 3.3. The Russian car, truck and bus fleet ........................................................................................ 37 3.4. Motorisation levels in different countries, 2003 ....................................................................... 38 3.5. Road crashes, deaths and injuries by road location, 2004 .........................................................45 3.6. Deaths in Moscow and the Moscow region as a percentage of all road deaths ......................... 48 4.1. Responsibilities of the Federal Ministries for road safety ........................................................57 4.2. Examples of penalties for motor vehicle traffic offences .........................................................61 4.3. Speed limits in the Russian Federation .................................................................................... 72 4.4. Fines (in EUR) for traffic offences in different European countries .........................................74 5.1. World Report on Road Traffic Injury Prevention: Recommended actions ............................... 79 5.2. Road safety as an investment ................................................................................................... 91 TABLE OF CONTENTS ROAD SAFETY PERFORMANCE, National Peer Review: Russian Federation – ISBN 10 92-821-0355-2 – © ECMT, 2006 List of Figures 2.1. Road deaths by 100 000 population in OECD and Baltic countries ..........................................25 2.2. Pedestrian deaths as a percentage of all road deaths in OECD and Baltic countries .................25 2.3. Trends in transport-related deaths per 100 000 population .......................................................27 3.1. Map of the Russian Federation ................................................................................................ 34 3.2. Motorisation levels and per capita GDP in different countries: 2003 .......................................38 3.3. Time series of road crashes, deaths and injuries in the Russian Federation, 1985-2004 ........... 44 3.4. Road death rates (per 100 000 motor vehicles) in the Russian Federation ................................ 44 3.5. Age-standardized mortality rates for road traffic injuries, for males and females in the Russian Federation (2004) ..........................................................................46 3.6. Road deaths by road user class, 2004 ....................................................................................... 47 3.7. Time series of road deaths by road user class in the Russian Federation .................................. 47 3.8. Number of deaths per million population in the Russian Federation, Moscow, Moscow region, 1990-2004 .....................................................................................................49 3.9. Pedestrian death rates (per million population) in road crashes in the Russian Federation, Moscow and the Moscow region ............................................................................................. 49 3.10. Official monetary valuation of a road death in 23 countries (2002 prices) ............................... 51 5.1. New Zealand’s Target Hierarchy ............................................................................................. 89 5.2. Archangelsk: Black spot .......................................................................................................... 95 5.3. Examples of separating out road users in Sweden, Spain and the United Kingdom ............... 106 5.4. The history of the promotion of seat-belt use in Finland ........................................................ 113