پیاده سازی اصول یادگیری حرکتی در تمرینات فیزیوتراپی: تحقیق درباره استنباط فیزیوتراپیست و پیاده سازی گزارش شده Implementation of motor learning principles in physical therapy practice: Survey of physical therapists’ perceptions and reported implementation

Introduction Motor learning (ML) principles and concepts constitute an important conceptual framework for clinical practice in physical therapy (PT) (Shumway-Cook and Woollacott, 2012) and a foundation for effective rehabilitation strategies (Kleim and Jones, 2008; Winstein et al., 2014). Thus, solid knowledge of ML is expected to inform physical therapists’ (PTs) clinical reasoning and practice (Godin, BelangerGravel, Eccles, and Grimshaw, 2008; Jette et al., 2003). Recent developments in the study of cognitive-motivational factors in PT practice suggest that ML implementation could be enhanced through specific attitudes and beliefs, such as positive attitude and high self-efficacy (Jette et al., 2003; Salbach, Guilcher, Jaglal, and Davis, 2009; Salbach et al., 2007). Of these, self-efficacy is especially important, because it reflects one’s beliefs about his/her capabilities to successfully perform a particular behavior or task. High self-efficacy increases the likelihood of successful task completion (Bandura, 1986; Bandura, 2006). Specific to the clinical context, clinical behaviors such as adherence to guidelines were associated with “beliefs about capabilities” (Godin, Belanger-Gravel, Eccles, and Grimshaw, 2008) and various barriers, including low self-efficacy, were shown to impede translation of positive attitudes into everyday clinical behaviors (Salbach et al., 2007; Scurlock-Evans, Upton, and Upton, 2014). Although proven to be important in PT (Cramer et al., 2011; Dobkin, 2003; Kleim and Jones, 2008; Krakauer, 2006; Larin, 1998; Magill, 2011; Muratori, Lamberg, Quinn, and Duff, 2013; Sawers et al., 2012; Schmidt and Lee, 2011; Shumway-Cook and Woollacott, 2012; Snodgrass et al., 2014; Winstein et al., 2014; Wulf, Chiviacowsky, Schiller, and Avila, 2010; Wulf, Shea, and Lewthwaite, 2010; Zwicker and Harris, 2009), no systematic study or survey instrument has focused on clinical behaviors related to the implementation of ML principles. Observational studies that capture the use of ML reported incomplete implementation (Johnson, Burridge, and Demain, 2013). The current study focused on PTs’ perceptions with respect to ML. A questionnaire was developed to gain a better understanding of factors that affect the implementation of ML principles.